Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae

Mendoza, Hector; Culver, Caroline D; Lamb, Emma A.; Schroeder, Luke A.; Khanal, Sunita; Müller, Christian; Schirawski, Jan; Perlin, Michael H.

doi:10.3390/jof8020148

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, the additional alternative oxidases (AOX), which can transfer electrons from ubiquinone to O2 bypassing Complex III and IV, have been identified in the nuclear genomes of various phytopathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae, Ustilago maydis, Sporisorium reilianum, and the like. And the AOX is mainly responsible for the environmental stresses in fungi [24,[26][27][28]. In terms of the ATP synthase gene, studies have found that in the mitochondrial genome of Erysiphe necator, there is a significant loss of amino acid sequences in the conserved functional domains of the N-terminal region in atp9 [29].…”

Section: The Coding Genes Of the Fungal Mitochondrial Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Fungal Mitochondrial Genomes and Inheritance Based on Current Findings from Yeast-like Fungi

Tang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

JoF

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The primary functions of mitochondria are to produce energy and participate in the apoptosis of cells, with them being highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, the composition of mitochondrial genomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, and mitochondrial inheritance varies significantly among animals, plants, and fungi. Especially in fungi, there exists a rich diversity of mitochondrial genomes, as well as various replication and inheritance mechanisms. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of fungal mitochondria is crucial for unraveling the evolutionary history of mitochondria in eukaryotes. In this review, we have organized existing reports to systematically describe and summarize the composition of yeast-like fungal mitochondrial genomes from three perspectives: mitochondrial genome structure, encoded genes, and mobile elements. We have also provided a systematic overview of the mechanisms in mtDNA replication and mitochondrial inheritance during bisexual mating. Additionally, we have discussed and proposed open questions that require further investigation for clarification.

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Section: The Coding Genes Of the Fungal Mitochondrial Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Fungal Mitochondrial Genomes and Inheritance Based on Current Findings from Yeast-like Fungi

Tang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

JoF

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Preparation, Characterization, and Oral Bioavailability of Solid Dispersions of Cryptosporidium parvum Alternative Oxidase Inhibitors

Zhang,

Ma,

Yang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The phenylpyrazole derivative 5-amino-3-[1-cyano-2-(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) vinyl]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (LN002), which was screened out through high-throughput molecular docking for the AOX target, exhibits promising efficacy against Cryptosporidium. However, its poor water solubility limits its oral bioavailability and therapeutic utility. In this study, solid dispersion agents were prepared by using HP-β-CD and Soluplus® and characterized through differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Physical and chemical characterization showed that the crystal morphology of LN002 transformed into an amorphous state, thus forming a solid dispersion of LN002. The solid dispersion prepared with an LN002/HP-β-CD/Soluplus® mass ratio of 1:3:9 (w/w/w) exhibited significantly increased solubility and cumulative dissolution. Meanwhile, LN002 SDs showed good preservation stability under accelerated conditions of 25 °C and 75% relative humidity. The complexation of LN002 with HP-β-CD and Soluplus® significantly improved water solubility, pharmacological properties, absorption, and bioavailability.

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The Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase in Ustilago maydis Is Not Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat

Romero-Aguilar

Vázquez-Meza

Guerra-Sánchez

et al. 2022

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It has been shown that the alternative oxidase in mitochondria of fungi and plants has important functions in the response against stress conditions, although their role in some organisms is still unknown. This is the case of Ustilago maydis. There is no evidence of the participation of the U. maydis Aox1 in stressful conditions such as desiccation, high or low temperature, and low pH, among others. Therefore, in this work, we studied the role of the U. maydis Aox1 in cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by methyl viologen (paraquat). To gain insights into the role of this enzyme, we took advantage of four strains: the FB2 wild-type, a strain without the alternative oxidase (FB2aox1Δ), other with the Aox1 fused to the Gfp under the control of the original promoter (FB2aox1-Gfp), and one expressing constitutively de Aox1-Gfp (FB2Potef:aox1-Gfp). Cells were incubated for various times in the presence of 1 mM paraquat and growth, replicative capacities, mitochondrial respiratory activity, Aox1 capacity, and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase) were assayed. The results show that (1) the response of U. maydis against oxidative stress was the same in the presence or absence of the Aox1; (2) the activities of the antioxidant enzymes remained constant despite the oxidative stress; and (3) there was a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio in U. maydis cells incubated with paraquat.

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Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Insights into Fungal Mitochondrial Genomes and Inheritance Based on Current Findings from Yeast-like Fungi

Insights into Fungal Mitochondrial Genomes and Inheritance Based on Current Findings from Yeast-like Fungi

Preparation, Characterization, and Oral Bioavailability of Solid Dispersions of Cryptosporidium parvum Alternative Oxidase Inhibitors

The Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase in Ustilago maydis Is Not Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat

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