Identification and functional characterisation of genes encoding the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi

Sayanova, Olga; Haslam, Richard P.; Venegas-Calerón, Mónica; López, Noemi Ruiz; Worthy, Charlotte A.; Rooks, Paul; Allen, Michael J.; Napier, Johnathan A.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.022

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…3, 4). A similar C 18 D6/C 20 D5 elongase activity has been recently reported by Sayanova et al (2011) from a different organism, microalgae. The AsELOVL5 substrate preference is similar to most of elongases in ELOVL5 family identified from other marine fish species such as cod, turbot, and sea bream , and also those from human and rat (Leonard et al 2000;Inagaki et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Isolation and functional characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase (AsELOVL5) gene from black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Kim

Jang³

et al. 2011

Biotechnol Lett

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To identify the genes encoding fatty acid elongases for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), we isolated a cDNA via degenerate PCR and RACE-PCR from Acanthopagrus schlegelii with a high similarity to the ELOVL5-like elongases of mammals and fishes. This gene is termed AsELOVL5 and encodes a 294 amino acid protein. When AsELOVL5 was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it conferred an ability to elongate γ-linolenic acid (18:3 n-6) to di-homo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6). In addition, the transformed cells converted arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenpic acid (20:5 n-3) to docosatetraenoic acid (22:4 n-6) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3), respectively. These results indicate that the AsELOVL5 gene encodes a long-chain fatty acid elongase capable of elongating C(18)Δ6/C(20)Δ5 but not C(22) PUFA substrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Isolation and functional characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase (AsELOVL5) gene from black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Kim

Jang³

et al. 2011

Biotechnol Lett

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“…Future studies focusing on radiolabelled pulse-chase studies, coupled with functional characterization of the identified ER-desaturase and elongases along with further identification of additional desaturases, will be needed to ascertain whether this model is correct and decipher why C. velia incorporates 20:5 into both sn-1 and sn-2 positions of MGDG, instead of producing C 20 /C 18 forms like Cluster 2 dinoflagellates. Future work should also examine, in a manner similar to a recent study on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in E. huxleyi by Sayanova et al (2011), the genes that direct biosynthesis and incorporation of 20:5 into MGDG and DGDG in both C. velia and Cluster 2 dinoflagellates. Such genetic proof will be needed to determine whether red algae-derived genes are indeed responsible for synthesizing and incorporating 20:5 into MGDG and DGDG, and should elucidate whether any of the responsible enzymes are targeted to the plastid.…”

Section: Annotation Of Genes Involved In Galactolipid Synthesis In Cmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. VI. Biochemical and genomic comparison of galactolipid biosynthesis betweenChromera velia(Chromerida), a photosynthetic alveolate with red algal plastid ancestry, and the dinoflagellate,Lingulodinium polyedrum

Dahmen

Khadka

Dodson

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

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Chromera velia is a recently discovered, photosynthetic, free-living alveolate that is the closest free-living relative to nonphotosynthetic apicomplexan parasites. Most plastids, regardless of their origin, have membranes composed chiefly of two galactolipids, mono-and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). Because of the hypothesized shared red algal origin between the plastids of C. velia and dinoflagellates, our primary objectives were to examine how growth temperature affects MGDG and DGDG composition via positive-ion electrospray/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and positive ion/electrospray/ mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), and to examine galactolipid biosynthetic genes to determine if shared ancestry translates into shared MGDG and DGDG composition. When growing at 20°C, C. velia produces eicosapentaenoic acidrich 20:5(n-3)/20:5(n-3) (sn-1/sn-2) MGDG and 20:5(n-3)/20:5(n-3) DGDG as its primary galactolipids, with relative percentage compositions of approximately 35 and 60%, respectively. At 30°C these are lessened by approximately 5 and 8%, respectively, by the corresponding production of 20:5/20:4 forms of these lipids. The presence of 20:5 at the sn-1 position is similar to what has been observed previously in a cluster of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, but the presence of 20:5(n-3) at the sn-2 position is extremely rare. Thus, the forms of MGDG and DGDG in C. velia displayed similarities and differences to what has been observed in peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, such as Lingulodinium polyedrum, which produces 20:5/18:5 and 20:5/18:4 as the major forms of MGDG and DGDG. We develop conceptual models from the galactolipids observed and galactolipid-relevant gene annotations to explain the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing MGDG and DGDG in both L. polyedrum and C. velia.

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“…It will be important to understand their biosynthetic pathways and metabolic controls, and the increasing availability of microalgal genomes should provide excellent opportunities in this goal. One recent example is five genes functionally characterized in the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi that are predicted to underpin omega-3 LC-PUFAs synthesis (Sayanova et al 2011). Additional putative genes for functionally redundant pathways for the synthesis of omega-3 EPA and DHA were also annotated in the E. huxleyi pan genome sequence (Read et al 2013).…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding

et al. 2016

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Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. There is substantial evidence for the health benefits of algal-derived food products, but there remain considerable challenges in quantifying these benefits, as well as possible adverse effects. First, there is a limited understanding of nutritional composition across algal species, geographical regions, and seasons, all of which can substantially affect their dietary value. The second issue is quantifying which fractions of algal foods are bioavailable to humans, and which factors influence how food constituents are released, ranging from food preparation through genetic differentiation in the gut microbiome. Third is understanding how algal nutritional and functional constituents interact in human metabolism. Superimposed considerations are the effects of harvesting, storage, and food processing techniques that can dramatically influence the potential nutritive value of algal-derived foods. We highlight this rapidly advancing area of algal science with a particular focus on the key research required to assess better the health benefits of an alga or algal product. There are rich opportunities for phycologists in this emerging field, requiring exciting new experimental and collaborative approaches.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Identification and functional characterisation of genes encoding the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Isolation and functional characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase (AsELOVL5) gene from black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Isolation and functional characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase (AsELOVL5) gene from black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. VI. Biochemical and genomic comparison of galactolipid biosynthesis betweenChromera velia(Chromerida), a photosynthetic alveolate with red algal plastid ancestry, and the dinoflagellate,Lingulodinium polyedrum

Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding

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