Identification and functional analysis of immune deficiency (IMD) from Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of IMD signaling pathway involved in immune defense against bacterial infection in crab species

Zhou, Yi; Wang, Lan Zhi; Gu, Wen Bin; Wang, Cong; Zhu, Qi; Liu, Ze Peng; Chen, Yu Yin; Miao, Shuying

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.016

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These genes are the homologs of Drosophila Toll pathway genes and involved in Toll-mediated immune defense 48 . It has been reported that the expression profiles of genes involved in the Toll pathway up-regulated at different time points in crustaceans 48 – 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatopancreas immune response during molt cycle in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Liu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Molt is a critical developmental process in crustaceans. Recent studies have shown that the hepatopancreas is an important source of innate immune molecules, yet hepatopancreatic patterns of gene expression during the molt cycle which may underlie changes in immune mechanism are unknown. In this study, we performed Illumina sequencing for the hepatopancreas of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain during molt cycle (pre-molt stage, post-molt stage, and inter-molt stage). A total of 44.55 Gb high-quality reads were obtained from the normalized cDNA of hepatopancreas. A total of 70,591 transcripts were assembled; 55,167 unigenes were identified. Transcriptomic comparison revealed 948 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hepatopancreas from the three molt stages. We found that genes associated with immune response patterns changed in expression during the molt cycle. Antimicrobial peptide genes, inflammatory response genes, Toll signaling pathway factors, the phenoloxidase system, antioxidant enzymes, metal-binding proteins and other immune related genes are significantly up-regulated at the post-molt stage and inter-molt stage compared with the pre-molt stage, respectively. These genes are either not expressed or are expressed at low levels at the pre-molt stage. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic transcriptome analysis of genes capable of mobilizing a hepatopancreas immune response during the molt cycle in crustaceans, and this study will contribute to a better understanding of the hepatopancreas immune system and mud crab prophylactic immune mechanisms at the post-molt stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatopancreas immune response during molt cycle in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Liu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The crustaceans lack an adaptive immune system and rely entirely on an efficient innate immune system to defend themselves from pathogen invasions [51,52]. The antibacterial activity can reflect humoral responses due to bacterial killing, and the shrimp could resist the foreign pathogens by improving the antibacterial activity [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Inbreeding on Genetic Characteristic, Growth, Survival Rates, and Immune Responses of a New Inbred Line of Exopalaemon carinicauda

Wang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Genomics

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The Exopalaemon carinicauda could be a useful crustacean laboratory animal in many research fields. We newly established an inbred line of Exopalaemon carinicauda named EC4 inbred line by brother×sister mating and keeping to F11 generation. Trends in heterozygosity in the process of producing EC4 inbred line were examined through the characterization of polymorphisms based on gene frequencies of SNP and EST-SSR loci. The results demonstrated that the number of alleles (N), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphism information content (PIC) gradually decreased with the increase of inbreeding generations. The genetic detection results indicated that 9 (29.03%, 9/31) of the SNP loci and 15 (32.61%, 15/46) of the EST-SSR loci were homozygous in F11 generation of EC4 inbred line. The variation of the growth-related traits, the immune responses, and antioxidant status were described in experimental full-sibling inbred populations of E. carinicauda at five levels of inbreeding coefficient (F=0.785, F=0.816, F=0.859, F=0.886, F=0.908) under controlled laboratory conditions. The body weight, body length, and survival rate in EC4 inbred line of all generations were less than the control population. Inbreeding affected the antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which decreased at the eleventh generation of EC4 inbred line. This study demonstrated that inbreeding had a negative effect on the economic traits and immune response, but our inbred line was established successfully until F11 and confirmed by genetic detection using SNP and EST-SSR loci.

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“…Furthermore, our results show that imd is expressed in the nervous system in juveniles (Figure 3 and 5). However, although this gene is upregulated after gram-negative bacterial exposure in arthropods (6,16,17), exposure of adult Lineus ruber to the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio diazotrophicus did not result in differences in expression of this gene (Figure 4).…”

Section: The Imd-like Pathway Is Present In Lineus Ruber But It Seems...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Imd pathway has been shown to be a pivotal pathway in the defense against gram-negative bacteria in arthropods (15)(16)(17). However, no orthologs of the Imd protein, the key component of this pathway, have been found in spiralians and vertebrates (6,10,13,19,21).…”

Section: The Imd-like Pathway Is Present In Lineus Ruber But It Seems...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Toll and Imd pathway, the complement system and lectins during immune response of the nemertean Lineus ruber

Orús-Alcalde

Børve

Hejnol

2022

Preprint

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Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Although these pathways and systems are well understood in vertebrates and arthropods, they are understudied in other invertebrates. In order to shed light on immunity in the nemertean Lineus ruber, we performed a transcriptomic survey and identified the main components of the Toll pathway (e.g. myD88, dorsal/dif/NFκB-p65), the Imd pathway (e.g. imd, relish/NFκB-p105/100), the complement system (e.g. C3, cfb) and some lectins (FreD-Cs and C-lectins). In situ hybridization showed that TLRβ1, TLRβ2 and imd and are expressed in the nervous system, the complement gene C3-1 is expressed in the gut and the lectins in the nervous system, the blood, and the gut. To reveal their potential role in defense mechanisms, we performed immune challenge experiments, in which Lineus ruber specimens were exposed to the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio diazotrophicus. Our results show the upregulation of specific components of the Toll pathway (TLRα3, TLRβ1, and TLRβ2), the complement system (C3-1), and lectins (c-lectin2 and fred-c5). Therefore, similarly to what occurs in other invertebrates, our study shows that components of the Toll pathway, the complement system and lectins are involved in the immune response in the nemertean Lineus ruber. The presence of these pathways and systems in Lineus ruber, but also in other spiralians, in protostomes and in deuterostomes suggest that these pathways and systems were involved in the immune response in the stem species of Bilateria.

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Identification and functional analysis of immune deficiency (IMD) from Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of IMD signaling pathway involved in immune defense against bacterial infection in crab species

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Hepatopancreas immune response during molt cycle in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Hepatopancreas immune response during molt cycle in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Effects of Inbreeding on Genetic Characteristic, Growth, Survival Rates, and Immune Responses of a New Inbred Line of Exopalaemon carinicauda

The Toll and Imd pathway, the complement system and lectins during immune response of the nemertean Lineus ruber

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