Identification and expressional analysis of NLRC5 inflammasome gene in smolting Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors in teleost fish: Current knowledge and future perspectives

“…In addition, the basal expression of NLR‐C5 was found in the muscle, liver, foregut, midgut, hindgut, head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen and pituitary glands of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in the parr stage of development; the highest levels of NLR‐C5 expression were found in the head kidney, spleen and hindgut. Interestingly, NLR‐C5 expression was significantly decreased during the smolt stage as compared with expression in the parr stage (Pontigo et al., ), a change that is worthy of additional investigation.…”

“…(Xie & Belosevic, ; Xie, Hodgkinson, Katzenback, Kovacevic, & Belosevic, ), grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) (Chen, Xu, Chang, Nie, & Peng, ), Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) (Pontigo, Aguero, Sanchez, Oyarzun, Vargas‐Lagos et al. ), Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) (Li, Chen, Hao, Geng, Zhan et al. ), blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) (Zhou et al., ), mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala ) (Swain, Basu, & Samanta, ), Catla ( Catla catla ) (Swain, Maiti, & Samanta, ), Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Gao et al., ) and rohu ( Labeo rohita ) (Swain, Basu, Sahoo, Maiti, Routray et al.…”

“…In Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ), NOD1 gene was determined by BLAST sequencing method (Park et al., ). Additionally, NLRC3 (Li, Chu et al., ; Li, Chen et al., ) and NLR‐C5 (Thanasaksiri, Hirono, & Kondo, ) were identified through BlastX algorithm and BLAST analysis of the GenBank database, respectively, whereas Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) NLRC5 was identified through transcriptomic analyses (Pontigo et al., ).…”

“…Other NLR‐C genes, such as NLR‐C5, are expressed in the head kidney, spleen and hindgut of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) (Pontigo et al., ); expression of NLR‐C5 is also found in the gill, intestine and spleen of healthy Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) (Thanasaksiri et al., ). Exposure to either formalin‐killed Edwardsiella tarda or Poly(I:C) increased the expression of splenic NLR‐C5 in Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) (Thanasaksiri et al., ).…”

The biological basis of smoltification in Atlantic salmon

“…In nature, smoltification, also called parr-smolt transformation, is a complex adaptation process driven by the endocrine system that consists of several independent but coordinated developmental changes in the biochemistry, physiology, morphology, and behaviour of juvenile salmon (McCormick 2013). These changes possess a high energetic cost for the fish and correlate with decreased defenses related to the immune system (Pontigo et al 2016): however, this process prepares the fish for downstream migration and transition to the marine life stage Bradley 2007, Stefansson et al 2008). Important components of the parr-smolt transformation are i) environmental cues, primarily photoperiod and temperature (Björnsson and Bradley 2007); ii) endocrine control of smoltification (Björnsson et al 2011), and iii) physiological changes in osmoregulation that allow the smolt to thrive in high-salt environments (Clarke et al 1996, McCormick 2013).…”