Identification and expression analysis of three c-type lysozymes in Oreochromis aureus

Two duplicated chicken-type lysozyme genes in disc abalone Haliotis discus discus: Molecular aspects in relevance to structure, genomic organization, mRNA expression and bacteriolytic function

“…Certain mammals contain nearly 10 copies of LysC gene [35]. While 2 copies of LysC cDNAs have been identified in few fish including a primitive species, amphioxus [33], as well in rainbow trout [36] and Atlantic salmon [37], a recent finding indicated 3 cDNAs coding for LysC in tilapia [38]. In insect class, fruit fly and mosquito were found to have at least 8 LysC genes [39,40].…”

“…Pathogenic bacteria including Gram negative-(Vibrio and Aeromonas genus) and/or Gram positive-(Micrococcus luteus) species have been shown to up-regulate HdLysC in Ezo abalone [1], giant tiger shrimp [64], banana prawn [65], S. sole [63], tilapia [38], grass carp [66] and Epinephelus coioides [67]. V. parahemolyticus, the causative agent of 'withering syndrome' [2] and L. monocytogenes, a potential food born pathogen [68] were used in our study and found to stimulate abLysC transcript levels in a time-dependent manner.…”

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of c-type and g-type lysozyme isoforms in starry flounder Platichthys stellate infected with Streptococcus parauberis

“…However, under nonstimulated condition, the enzyme activity in the skin is the reverse condition of the expression pattern of lysozyme transcripts in the present species. As evidenced by several fish species, teleosts showed a lower expression level in the skin [38,42,55]. In particular, a positive correlation between transcriptional level and enzyme activity was detected in skin of Atlantic salmon.…”

“…However, with regard to expression levels, c-type lysozyme mRNAs were notably predominant in the spleen, suggesting that spleen is the main producer of c-type lysozyme in starry flounder. This finding showed a somewhat different pattern in several fish species: in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, a significantly higher level of expression was detected in intestine [37], whereas in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus and brill, the highest expression was found in liver [5,38], probably indicating tissue-specific or species-specific expression manners of c-type lysozyme transcripts. Wide tissue distribution, especially including mucosal tissues (such as gill and intestine), is also in agreement with proposed lysozyme functions because these tissues serve as a portal of entry into the host or as a site of infection.…”

Expression of Stichopus japonicus Lysozyme Gene in Bacillus subtilis WB600

“…Their key role is to lyse bacteria by hydrolyzing the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell walls. Thus, the major function of lysozyme is host defense, as it acts as an antimicrobial and immunemodulating agent, and furthermore, it can display digestive activity or nonenzymatic activity in some species [1,9]. Based on the differences in their structure, biological functions, catalytic character, and original source, lysozymes are classified into six groups: chicken-type lysozyme (c-lysozyme) present in many vertebrates and insects is the most extensively studied lysozyme; goose-type lysozyme (glysozyme) identified mainly in vertebrates including mammals, birds, and fish; invertebrate-type lysozyme (i-lysozyme), plant lysozyme, bacterial lysozyme, and phagelysozyme [3].…”