Identification and Expression Analysis of Candidate Odorant-Binding Protein and Chemosensory Protein Genes by Antennal Transcriptome of Sitobion avenae

Abstract

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) of aphids are thought to be responsible for the initial molecular interactions during olfaction that mediate detection of chemical signals. Analysis of the diversity of proteins involved comprises critical basic research work that will facilitate the development of sustainable pest control strategies. To help us better understand differences in the olfactory system between winged and wingless grain aphids, we constructed an antennal transcriptome from winged and wingless Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), one of the most serious pests of cereal fields worldwide. Among the 133,331 unigenes in the antennal assembly, 13 OBP and 5 CSP putative transcripts were identified with 6 OBP and 3 CSP sequences representing new S. avenae annotations. We used qPCR to examine the expression profile of these genes sets across S. avenae development and in various tissues. We found 7 SaveOBPs and 1 SaveCSP were specifically or significantly elevated in antennae compared with other tissues, and that some transcripts (SaveOBP8, SaveCSP2 and SaveCSP5) were abundantly expressed in the legs of winged or wingless aphids. The expression levels of the SaveOBPs and SaveCSPs varied depending on the developmental stage. Possible physiological functions of these genes are discussed. Further molecular and functional studies of these olfactory related genes will explore their potential as novel targets for controlling S. avenae.

Identification of odorant‐binding and chemosensory protein genes and the ligand affinity of two of the encoded proteins suggest a complex olfactory perception system in Periplaneta americana

“…One CSP ( CSP13 ) was highly expressed in both antennae and mouthparts. The percentage (71.42%) of CSPs that were highly expressed in chemosensory organs of P. americana was greater than in many other insect species; for example, one of five (20%) in Sitobion avenae (Xue et al ., ), two of 17 (11.76%) in Hyphantria cunea (Sanyal et al ., ), two of six (33.33%) in Apis cerana (Li et al ., ), five of 22 (22.72%) in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Liu et al ., ) and three of 27 (11.11%) in Helicoverpa armigera (Li et al ., ). Thus, in addition to PameOBPs , many PameCSPs may also play important roles in the chemical perception of P. americana .…”

Integrative transcriptomic and genomic analysis of odorant binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in aphids

“…It is possible that OBP1 and CSP3 genes might have been lost after aphid speciation of M. persicae , A. gossypii and A. glycines. Furthermore, there is a high amino acid identity between OBP1 and OBP8 subgroups in aphids, consistent with previous reports (Gu et al ., ; He and He, ; Yuan et al ., ; Xue et al ., ).…”

“…). This expression pattern is similar to that of A. pisum OBP3 (Biasio et al ., ) and of S. avenae OBP3 (Xue et al ., ), suggesting that aphid OBP3 proteins may have other functional roles in addition to alarm pheromone sensation. The fact that the A. pisum OBP3 was found in the type II trichoid sensilla in the antennae and in the terminal region of the body (Biasio et al ., ) suggests that it may have dual functions of recognizing the E βf from the environment and transporting the E βf from the cornicles to the external environment.…”

Identification and expression analysis of chemosensory genes in the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda

“…For example, OBP5 of A. lucorum highly expressed in female abdomen might be associated with the storage and release of chemical compounds from special glands of abdomen (Yuan et al., ), while AlinOBP11 highly expressed in legs and tightly bind the bitter substances (catechin and quercetin) isolated from bug host plants; thus, AlinOBP11 have crucial physiological role in olfaction and gustation (Sun et al., ; Sun, Wang, Wang, et al., ). Furthermore, the SaveOBP1 and AaegOBP22 might also had the similar role as AlinOBP11 (Li et al., ; Xue et al., ). In the present study, EonuOBP49 was dominantly expressed in the body of E. onukii , suggesting that it might be involved in the releasing and chemoreception of the chemical compounds or involved in the olfaction and gustation of leafhoppers.…”

“…With the development and improvement of the genome and transcriptome sequencing technique, a large number of OBP and CSP genes have been identified from diverse orders, including Hemiptera (Cui et al., ), Lepidoptera (Yao, Xu, Dong, Lu, & Chen, ), Diptera (Wang, Liu, & Wang, ; Wang, Li, et al., ), Hymenoptera (Zhang, Zhang, Su, Gao, & Guo, ), Orthoptera (Ban et al., ), Isoptera (Krieger & Ross, ) and Coleoptera (Antony et al., ). In the Hemiptera insects, numerous OBP and CSP genes have been identified from diverse families, including Miridae [such as Apolygus lucorum (Yuan et al., ), Adelphocoris lineolatus (Gu et al., ; Sun, Wang, Wang, et al., ), Adelphocoris suturalis (Cui et al., ) and Lygus lineolaris (Hull, Perera, & Snodgrass, )], Aphididae [such as Aphis gossypii (Gu, Wu, et al., ), Sitobion avenae (Xue et al., ), Myzus persicae (Xu et al., ) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Zhou et al., )], Delphacidae [such as Nilaparvata lugens (Zhou, Sun, Ma, Chen, & Wang, ), Sogatella furcifera (Ming & Peng, ) and Laodelphax striatellus (He, Zhang, Li, Li, & Dong, )] Aleyrodidae (such as Bemisia tabaci ; Wang, Liu, et al., ; Wang, Li, et al., ), Pseudococcidae [such as Phenacoccus solenopsis (Nie et al., )], Pentatomidae [such as Halyomorpha halys (Paula et al., )] and Reduviidae [such as Rhodnius prolixus (Ribeiro et al., )]. Furthermore, the functions of some OBP and CSP genes in the olfactory perception process of insects have also been predicted and verified.…”