Identification, and Experimental and Bioinformatics Validation of an Immune-Related Prognosis Gene Signature for Low-Grade Glioma Based on mRNAsi

Abstract

Background: Low-grade gliomas (LGGs), which are the second most common intracranial tumor, are diagnosed in seven out of one million people, tending to develop in younger people. Tumor stem cells and immune cells are important in the development of tumorigenesis. However, research on prognostic factors linked to the immune microenvironment and stem cells in LGG patients is limited. We critically need accurate related tools for assessing the risk of LGG patients. Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) in LGG based on the mRNAsi score. We employed differentially expressed gene (DEG) methods and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The risk signature was then further established using a lasso Cox regression analysis and a multivariate Cox analysis. Next, we used immunohistochemical sections (HPA) and a survival analysis to identify the hub genes. A nomogram was built to assess the prognosis of patients based on their clinical information and risk scores and was validated using a DCA curve, among other methods. Results: Four hub genes were obtained: C3AR1 (HR = 0.98, p < 0.001), MSR1 (HR = 1.02, p < 0.001), SLC11A1 (HR = 1.01, p < 0.01), and IL-10 (HR = 1.01, p < 0.001). For LGG patients, we created an immune-related prognostic signature (IPS) based on mRNAsi for estimating risk scores; different risk groups showed significantly different survival rates (p = 3.3 × 10−16). Then, via an evaluation of the IRG-related signature, we created a nomogram for predicting LGG survival probability. Conclusion: The outcome suggests that, when predicting the prognosis of LGG patients, our nomogram was more effective than the IPS. In this study, four immune-related predictive biomarkers for LGG were identified and proven to be IRGs. Therefore, the development of efficient immunotherapy techniques can be facilitated by the creation of the IPS.

Glutathione metabolism-related gene signature predicts prognosis and treatment response in low-grade glioma

“…Additionally, the GS score is significantly associated with prognosis in other cancer types, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), prostate adenocarcinoma (PAAD), uveal melanoma (UVM), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) (Supplementary Figure 4J), suggesting that it may be a useful prognosis tool for a variety of cancers. Compared to existing LGG prognostic models [39][40][41][42], the GS model exhibited superior predictive performance, as evidenced by higher-index values (Figure 3J). The GS model also outperformed established clinical prognostic factors, including neoplasm grade, IDH1 mutation status, and MGMT promoter methylation, as indicated by higher area-under-the-curve (AUC) values in ROC curves (Figure 3K).…”