Identification and distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the white muscle of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor)

Tingbø, Monica G.; Kolset, Svein Olav; Ofstad, Ragni; Enersen, Grethe; Hannesson, Kirsten O.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.12.022

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is possible that damage is produced by uncontrolled protein degradation while rapid removal of abnormal proteins may be important for maintenance of tissues in a good condition. High integrity of muscle tissue has been associated with increased deposition of ECM [39]–[41]. However, a number of ECM-related genes were up-regulated in soft fish in the current work.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Gene Expression Profiling of Soft and Firm Atlantic Salmon Fillet

et al. 2012

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Texture of salmon fillets is an important quality trait for consumer acceptance as well as for the suitability for processing. In the present work we measured fillet firmness in a population of farmed Atlantic salmon with known pedigree and investigated the relationship between this trait and gene expression. Transcriptomic analyses performed with a 21 K oligonucleotide microarray revealed strong correlations between firmness and a large number of genes. Highly similar expression profiles were observed in several functional groups. Positive regression was found between firmness and genes encoding proteasome components (41 genes) and mitochondrial proteins (129 genes), proteins involved in stress responses (12 genes), and lipid metabolism (30 genes). Coefficients of determination (R 2 ) were in the range of 0.64–0.74. A weaker though highly significant negative regression was seen in sugar metabolism (26 genes, R 2 = 0.66) and myofiber proteins (42 genes, R 2 = 0.54). Among individual genes that showed a strong association with firmness, there were extracellular matrix proteins (negative correlation), immune genes, and intracellular proteases (positive correlation). Several genes can be regarded as candidate markers of flesh quality ( coiled-coil transcriptional coactivator b , AMP deaminase 3 , and oligopeptide transporter 15 ) though their functional roles are unclear. To conclude, fillet firmness of Atlantic salmon depends largely on metabolic properties of the skeletal muscle; where aerobic metabolism using lipids as fuel, and the rapid removal of damaged proteins, appear to play a major role.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Gene Expression Profiling of Soft and Firm Atlantic Salmon Fillet

et al. 2012

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“…Interestingly, Zöeller et al [1] reported a decorin GAG attachment site in zebrafish, with the potential to carry heparan sulfate (HS) similar to that of perlecan, in addition to the CS/DS attachment site. We have previously described the expression and distribution of HS proteoglycans in cod and wolffish muscle [35], and showed that HS epitopes are present in cod endomysia with a somewhat limited staining The SLRPs were originally thought to act only as structural components. However, recent studies by Schaefer et al [36], Babelova et al [16], Iozzo and Schaefer [17] and Sjöberg et al [18,19], show that the functions of this group of proteoglycans are highly diverse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lumican is a major small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) skeletal muscle

et al. 2011

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Knowledge on fish matrix biology is important to ensure optimal fish -quality, -growth and -health in aquaculture. The aquaculture industry face major challenges related to matrix biology, such as inflammations and malformations. Atlantic cod skeletal muscle was investigated for collagen I, decorin, biglycan, and lumican expression and distribution by real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining and Western immunoblotting were also performed using antibodies against glycosaminoglycan side chains of these proteoglycans, in addition to fibromodulin. Real-time PCR showed highest mRNA expression of lumican and collagen I. Collagen I and proteoglycan immunohistochemical staining revealed distinct thread-like structures in the myocommata, with the exception of fibromodulin, which stained in dense structures embedded in the myocommata. Chondroitinase AC-generated epitopes stained more limited than cABC-generated epitopes, indicating a stronger presence of dermatan sulfate than chondroitin sulfate in cod muscle. Lumican and keratan sulfate distribution patterns were strong and ubiquitous in endomysia and myocommata. Western blots revealed similar SLRPs sizes in cod as are known from mammals. Staining of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate epitopes in Western blots were similar in molecular size to those of decorin and biglycan, whereas staining of keratan sulfate epitopes coincided with expected molecular sizes of lumican and fibromodulin. In conclusion, lumican was a major proteoglycan in cod muscle with ubiquitous distribution overlapping with keratan sulfate. Other leucine-rich proteoglycans were also present in cod muscle, and Western blot using antibodies developed for mammalian species showed cross reactivity with fish, demonstrating similar structures and molecular weights as in mammals.

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“…Anti-Perlecan clone A7L6 reacts with the perlecan core domain IV (Couchman and Ljubimov 1989). IHC with this antibody has been performed in the skeletal muscle of Atlantic cod and wolffish and demonstrated a specific distribution (Tingbø et al 2006). We were not able to detect Aggrecan by Western blotting, probably because of the large size of this protein.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 94%

Remodeling of the notochord during development of vertebral fusions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2010

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Histological characterization of spinal fusions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has demonstrated shape alterations of vertebral body endplates, a reduced intervertebral space, and replacement of intervertebral cells by ectopic bone. However, the significance of the notochord during the fusion process has not been addressed. We have therefore investigated structural and cellular events in the notochord during the development of vertebral fusions. In order to induce vertebral fusions, Atlantic salmon were exposed to elevated temperatures from fertilization until they attained a size of 15g. Based on results from radiography, intermediate and terminal stages of the fusion process were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Examination of structural extracellular matrix proteins such as Perlecan, Aggrecan, Elastin, and Laminin revealed reduced activity and reorganization at early stages in the pathology. Staining for elastic fibers visualized a thinner elastic membrane surrounding the notochord of developing fusions, and immunohistochemistry for Perlecan showed that the notochordal sheath was stretched during fusion. These findings in the outer notochord correlated with the loss of Aggrecan- and Substance-P-positive signals and the further loss of vacuoles from the chordocytes in the central notochord. At more progressed stages of fusion, chordocytes condensed, and the expression of Aggrecan and Substance P reappeared. The hyperdense regions seem to be of importance for the formation of notochordal tissue into bone. Thus, the remodeling of notochord integrity by reduced elasticity, structural alterations, and cellular changes is probably involved in the development of vertebral fusions.

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Identification and distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the white muscle of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor)

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Gene Expression Profiling of Soft and Firm Atlantic Salmon Fillet

Gene Expression Profiling of Soft and Firm Atlantic Salmon Fillet

Lumican is a major small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) skeletal muscle

Remodeling of the notochord during development of vertebral fusions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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