Identification and Diel Activity Patterns of Predators Attacking<i>Helicoverpa zea</i>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs in Soybean and Sweet Corn

Pfannenstiel, R. S.; Yeargan, Kenneth V.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-31.2.232

Cited by 109 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Roger et al (2001) observed that Col. maculata larvae selected eggs of the noctuid T. ni according to their age: one day old eggs were preferred over three day old eggs, regardless of whether the eggs were parasitized by Trichogramma evanescence or not. In maize fi elds, Col. maculata is recorded as a very important predator of eggs of the noctuid Helicoverpa zea , contributing to about 45% of the observed predation (Pfannenstiel & Yeargan 2002 ).…”

Section: Prey F Eeding On R Esistant P Lantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Relationships

Hodek

Evans

2012

Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae)

154

129

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Section: Prey F Eeding On R Esistant P Lantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Relationships

Hodek

Evans

2012

Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae)

154

129

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“…Biological control by endemic and introduced natural enemies is a cornerstone of IPM, and seed mixtures may affect the ability of these natural enemies to persist in cropland and their contributions to pest management (Wilhoit 1991). Predators, parasitoids, and pathogens are a frequent and free source of biotic mortality for all pests in cropland (Brust et al 1986;Lewis and Bing 1991;Andow 1992;Jackson and Hesler 1996;Cottrell and Yeargen 1998;Phoopholo et al 2001;Pfannenstiel and Yeargen 2002;Toepfer et al 2008;Lundgren et al 2009a,b;Toepfer et al 2009), and our farm management decisions should encourage their conservation and contributions to pest management whenever possible. Currently, there are no consistently documented toxicological effects of Cry toxins expressed in commercial Bt corn against predators or parasitoids (Marvier et al 2007, Wolfenbarger et al 2008, Duan et al 2010), but Bt corn certainly changes the corn environment relative to non-Bt habitats, and these changes could have important implications for biological control (Dean andDe Moraes 2006, Lundgren et al 2009a).…”

Section: Ipmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeds of Change: Corn Seed Mixtures for Resistance Management and Integrated Pest Management

Onstad¹,

Mitchell²,

Hurley³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

118

132

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The use of mixtures of transgenic insecticidal seed and nontransgenic seed to provide an in-field refuge for susceptible insects in insect-resistance-management (IRM) plans has been considered for at least two decades. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has only recently authorized the practice. This commentary explores issues that regulators, industry, and other stakeholders should consider as the use of biotechnology increases and seed mixtures are implemented as a major tactic for IRM. We discuss how block refuges and seed mixtures in transgenic insecticidal corn, Zea mays L., production will influence integrated pest management (IPM) and the evolution of pest resistance. We conclude that seed mixtures will make pest monitoring more difficult and that seed mixtures may make IRM riskier because of larval behavior and greater adoption of insecticidal corn. Conversely, block refuges present a different suite of risks because of adult pest behavior and the lower compliance with IRM rules expected from farmers. It is likely that secondary pests not targeted by the insecticidal corn as well as natural enemies will respond differently to block refuges and seed mixtures. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ABSTRACT The use of mixtures of transgenic insecticidal seed and nontransgenic seed to provide an in-Þeld refuge for susceptible insects in insect-resistance-management (IRM) plans has been considered for at least two decades. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has only recently authorized the practice. This commentary explores issues that regulators, industry, and other stakeholders should consider as the use of biotechnology increases and seed mixtures are implemented as a major tactic for IRM. We discuss how block refuges and seed mixtures in transgenic insecticidal corn, Zea mays L., production will inßuence integrated pest management (IPM) and the evolution of pest resistance. We conclude that seed mixtures will make pest monitoring more difÞcult and that seed mixtures may make IRM riskier because of larval behavior and greater adoption of insecticidal corn. Conversely, block refuges present a different suite of risks because of adult pest behavior and the lower compliance with IRM rules expected from farmers. It is likely that secondary pests not targeted by the insecticidal corn as well as natural enemies will respond differently to block refuges and seed mixtures. Seeds of

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“…Of the various stages, eggs are most likely to be attacked by predators, because they are immobile, poorly defended (Agarwala & Dixon, 1992;Felix & Soares, 2004;Michaud & Grant, 2004) and likely to be a high quality food (Gagné et al, 2002;Omkar et al, 2006). Many studies indicate that ladybird larvae fed conspecific (Gagné et al, 2002;Pervez et al, 2006;Roy et al, 2007) or heterospecific eggs (Pilipjuk et al, 1982;Pfannenstiel & Yeargan, 2002;Specty et al, 2003;De Clercq et al, 2005;Michaud & Jyoti, 2008) do better than when fed aphids whereas others indicate that conspecific and /or heterospecific eggs are inferior to aphids as food for ladybird larvae (Koide, 1962;Warren & Tadic, 1967;Takahashi, 1987;Rieder et al, 2008;Sloggett et al, 2009;Sloggett & Davis, 2010). Thus, the relative nutritive value of conspecific eggs, heterospecific eggs and aphids is a controversial issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage specific consumption and utilization of aphids, conspecific and heterospecific eggs by two species of Coccinella (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Kumar¹,

Bista²,

Mishra³

et al. 2014

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The nutritive quality of aphids, conspecific and heterospecific eggs as food for ladybirds is a controversial issue. If ladybirds find aphids more palatable than eggs then they are more likely to efficiently exploit and be biocontrol agents of aphids. If eggs of conspecific or heterospecific ladybirds are more palatable than aphids these biocontrol agents may either impede aphid pest suppression or become a threat to other species of ladybirds. Thus, prior to formulating predatory guilds of ladybirds the nutritive quality of their eggs compared to that of the target aphid needs to be determined. In this regards, the present study evaluates the nutritive quality of an ad libitum supply of: (i) pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), (ii) conspecific eggs and (iii) heterospecific eggs as food for Coccinella septempunctata (L.) and Coccinella transversalis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), by determining the stage specific predation and developmental attributes of these two ladybirds reared on these diets. The conversion efficiencies and growth rates of young (first, second and third) larvae of both species of ladybirds were higher than those of fourth instar larvae and the consumption rates of fourth instar were higher than those of young larvae when fed on the three diets. When fed aphids the pre-imaginal development was faster, the consumption rates, conversion efficiencies and growth rates higher, adults bigger and mortality lower than when fed on conspecific eggs. The larvae of C. septempunctata consumed and completed their development when fed eggs of C. transversalis but the first instar larvae of C. transversalis did not consume the eggs of C. septempunctata and died of starvation. The dominance of C. septempunctata over C. transversalis in agricultural fields may be due to it consuming and utilizing aphids more efficiently and as a consequence growing faster and suffering a lower mortality along with its ability to consume and complete its development on eggs of C. transversalis. Thus, both these predators may not continue to coexist as predators of the pea aphid in agricultural fields since C. septempunctata may become a greater threat to C. transversalis in the future.

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Identification and Diel Activity Patterns of Predators AttackingHelicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs in Soybean and Sweet Corn

Cited by 109 publications

References 32 publications

Food Relationships

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Seeds of Change: Corn Seed Mixtures for Resistance Management and Integrated Pest Management

Stage specific consumption and utilization of aphids, conspecific and heterospecific eggs by two species of Coccinella (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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