Identification and description of the antennal sensilla of Liogenys suturalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Antennal sensilla of two species of Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

“…These setae are designated here with sensilla chaetica, but other studies termed these setae as sensilla trichodea (as Bohacz et al, 2020). Despite the term used (see terminology in Material and Methods), the presence of this group of setae is a conspicuous character of Cetoniinae and part of Dynastinae (Bohacz et al, 2020;Costa et al, 2021), is inconspicuous to Rutelinae and part of Dynastinae (Cyclocephalini; Rodrigues et al, 2019;Saldanha et al, 2020;Nagamine et al, 2022), and is indistinct in Melolonthinae (Bohacz et al, 2020;Menis et al, 2021). In Rutelinae and Cyclocephalini, the outer side of proximal lamella has a sparse group of setae, and these setae are not evidently different from other setae present on lamellar edges (Rodrigues et al, 2019;Nagamine et al, 2022).…”

“…In Rutelinae and Cyclocephalini, the outer side of proximal lamella has a sparse group of setae, and these setae are not evidently different from other setae present on lamellar edges (Rodrigues et al, 2019;Nagamine et al, 2022). To Melolonthinae, the outer side of proximal lamella has several setae that are not grouped (Menis et al, 2021). The presence of this grouped setae is here discussed to encourage future works investigate the evolution of this character, checking its homology, or even the possibility of usage of it as a diagnosis to family-group names.…”

“…The inner side of proximal and distal lamella and both sides of medial lamella have two well defined area, a posterior homogeneous area mainly formed by sensilla placodea type II, and an anterior heterogeneous area with sensilla coeloconica (type I and II), and sensilla placodea (mostly type I). These areas are present in Cetoniinae, Dynastinae, Rutelinae, and Melolonthinae (Rodrigues et al, 2019;Bohacz et al, 2020;Costa et al, 2021;Menis et al, 2021;Nagamine et al, 2022). Larsson et al (2001) noted that the sensilla of homogeneous area is responsible to the sexual pheromone detection, and those of heterogeneous area are responsible to other volatiles detection in the ruteline Anomala cuprea (Hope, 1839).…”