Identification and Characterization of the <i>pswP</i> Gene Required for the Parallel Production of Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 in <i>Serratia marcescens</i>

Sunaga, Shinyu; Li, Hong; Sato, Yohei; Nakagawa, Yasuaki; Matsuyama, Tohey

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03597.x

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Bacterial strains and plasmids are listed in Table 1. Mini-Tn5 inserted mutants were obtained by using pUTmini-Tn5 Km1 as described previously (21). Production of prodigiosin and serrawettin W1 at 30 C was examined by cultivation of bacteria with peptone-glycerol (PG) or Luria-Bertani (LB) media (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Downregulator HexS Controlling Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 Biosynthesis in Serratia marcescens

Tanikawa

Nakagawa

Matsuyama

2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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Serratia marcescens has been known as a temperature‐dependent producer of two chemically different exolipids (red pigment prodigiosin and biosurfactant serrawettin W1) in parallel. During genetic investigation of such control mechanisms, mini‐Tn5 insertional mutant Tan1 overproducing these exolipids was isolated. The gene concerning such disregulation was identified as hexS by DNA cloning followed by sequencing and homology analysis of the presumed product with 314 amino‐acids. The product HexS was the homologue of HexA of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and classified as a transcriptional regulator belonging to LysR family. By RT‐PCR analysis, the hexS mutant was shown to over‐transcribe the pigA gene (the first gene of the pig cluster involved in prodigiosin synthesis) and the swrW gene encoding serrawettin W1 synthetase belonging to the nonribosomal peptide synthetase family. In contrast, transcription of the pswP gene encoding phosphopantetheinyl transferase in Tan1 was in the level of parent strain 274. Purified protein encoded in his6‐hexS demonstrated binding activity to DNA fragments of the upstream region of pigA and swrW genes and not to that of the pswP gene. S. marcescens strain 274 transformed with a low‐copy plasmid carrying hexS demonstrated reduced production of prodigiosin and serrawettin W1, and reduced activity of exoenzymes (protease, chitinase, and DNase) except phospholipase C. Possible generation of virulent S. marcescens by derepression or mutation of the hexS gene in infected tissues or ex vivo environments was suggested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The swrW gene in 274 has been shown to encode serrawettin W1 synthetase having an enzymatic multi-domain array characteristic of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (11). The pswP gene which is indispensable for the synthesis of prodigiosin and serrawettin W1 in 274 has been shown to be the gene encoding phosphopantetheinyl transferase (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Downregulator HexS Controlling Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 Biosynthesis in Serratia marcescens

Tanikawa

Nakagawa

Matsuyama

2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…155 Mutants of PswP are unable to produce pigment or surfactant but are still able to produce 2-methyl-3-n-amyl-pyrrole (MAP) and condense it with supplied 4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyrrole-5-carbaldehyde (MBC) to form prodigiosin (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Importance In Primary and Secondary Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phosphopantetheinyl transferases: catalysis of a post-translational modification crucial for life

et al. 2014

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Although holo-acyl carrier protein synthase, AcpS, a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), was characterized in the 1960s, it was not until the publication of the landmark paper by Lambalot et al. in 1996 that PPTases garnered wide-spread attention being classified as a distinct enzyme superfamily. In the past two decades an increasing number of papers has been published on PPTases ranging from identification, characterization, structure determination, mutagenesis, inhibition, and engineering in synthetic biology. In this review, we comprehensively discuss all current knowledge on this class of enzymes that post-translationally install a 4′-phosphopantetheine arm on various carrier proteins.

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“…S. marcescens flagella and surfactants, known as serrawettins, contribute to swarming motility [16]–[18]. Serratamolide (also known as serrawettin W1), one of these biosurfactants, is a small amino-lipid necessary for swarming in many S. marcescens strains, and is co-regulated with the red pigment prodigiosin with respect to temperature and growth phase [19]–[22]. In several organisms, including S. marcescens , swarming motility and hemolysis are co-regulated [23]–[29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serratia marcescens PigP Homolog Controls Prodigiosin Biosynthesis, Swarming Motility and Hemolysis and Is Regulated by cAMP-CRP and HexS

et al. 2013

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Swarming motility and hemolysis are virulence-associated determinants for a wide array of pathogenic bacteria. The broad host-range opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens produces serratamolide, a small cyclic amino-lipid, that promotes swarming motility and hemolysis. Serratamolide is negatively regulated by the transcription factors HexS and CRP. Positive regulators of serratamolide production are unknown. Similar to serratamolide, the antibiotic pigment, prodigiosin, is regulated by temperature, growth phase, HexS, and CRP. Because of this co-regulation, we tested the hypothesis that a homolog of the PigP transcription factor of the atypical Serratia species ATCC 39006, which positively regulates prodigiosin biosynthesis, is also a positive regulator of serratamolide production in S. marcescens. Mutation of pigP in clinical, environmental, and laboratory strains of S. marcescens conferred pleiotropic phenotypes including the loss of swarming motility, hemolysis, and severely reduced prodigiosin and serratamolide synthesis. Transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays place PigP in a regulatory pathway with upstream regulators CRP and HexS. The data from this study identifies a positive regulator of serratamolide production, describes novel roles for the PigP transcription factor, shows for the first time that PigP directly regulates the pigment biosynthetic operon, and identifies upstream regulators of pigP. This study suggests that PigP is important for the ability of S. marcescens to compete in the environment.

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Identification and Characterization of the pswP Gene Required for the Parallel Production of Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 in Serratia marcescens

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Transcriptional Downregulator HexS Controlling Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 Biosynthesis in Serratia marcescens

Transcriptional Downregulator HexS Controlling Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 Biosynthesis in Serratia marcescens

The phosphopantetheinyl transferases: catalysis of a post-translational modification crucial for life

A Serratia marcescens PigP Homolog Controls Prodigiosin Biosynthesis, Swarming Motility and Hemolysis and Is Regulated by cAMP-CRP and HexS

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