Identification and Characterization of Solid Binary System of Quercetin-Nicotinamide

Abstract

Preparation of binary system quercetin-nicotinamide and the solubility evaluation have been conducted in this study. Binary system was prepared by solvent evaporation technique and physical mixture was used as comparison. The aim of this study is to analyze the type of interaction and to investigate the solubility of quercetin-nicotinamide produced. Identification of binary system interaction were done using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and solubility test. Determination of quercetin was done in ethanol:water (1:1) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using acetonitrile:phosphate acid 0,1% (55:45) as mobile phases. Diffractogram powder X-ray showed a decrease in the peak intensity, but did not show a new crystalline phase. DTA thermal analysis showed a decrease in the melting point of the binary system compared to quercetin, which likely eutectic mixture was formed. SEM results indicated the changes in the morphology of the crystal compared to pure components. FT IR analysis showed a shift wavenumber of the spectrum quercetin and nicotinamide. Interaction between these compound showed that the conglomerated form (simple eutectic) between two crystalline phases. The solubility of binary system quercetin-nicotinamide increased compared to intact quercetin. Solubility of quercetin, physical mixture and binary system quercetin nicotinamide were 0.294±0.005 mg/mL, 0.338±0.004 mg/mL, and 0.419±0.001 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the solubility increased after the formation of binary system quercetinnicotinamide.

Eutectic Mixture of Fenofibric Acid and Syringic Acid: Improvement of Dissolution Rate and Its Antihyperlipidemic Activity

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Flavone-Rich Fractions and Extracts from Oroxylum indicum and Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Zoonotic Bacteria and Free Radical Scavenging Effects

“…Nicotinamide and picolinic acid co-crystals of quercetin were also reported [ 38 ]. The properties of the solid binary system between quercetin and nicotinamide including the melting point, solubility and physical morphology were reported to be different from the physical mixture of quercetin-nicotinamide [ 39 ]. These studies suggest that co-crystallization could be occurring between flavonoids and the different molecules that have functional groups which could be forming bonds with them, then altering the properties of the compounds.…”

Micronized Eutectic Mixture of Fenofibric Acid-Saccharin Formation for Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement

“…One of the factors that affect the solubility of a drug is particle size. Microparticles formation is one of the most potential approach to increase the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs by reducing the particle size [6]. Microparticles increase drug bioavailability by increasing the total surface area of drug particles [7].…”