Identification and characterization of Shigella boydii 20 serovar nov., a new and emerging Shigella serotype

Abstract

Analysis of 163 putative Shigella isolates from Canada and the USA showed biochemical reactions consistent with Shigella species, although none of the isolates reacted with antiserum raised against any of the well-established or provisional Shigella serotypes. All these isolates, provisionally designated serotype SH108, were positive for the ipaH gene and the invasion-associated locus. All fermented mannitol, were serologically indistinguishable from each other and showed no reaction in antisera prepared against Escherichia coli serotypes O1 to O181. PCR-RFLP analysis of the genes involved in O-antigen synthesis revealed a common pattern among these isolates that was distinct from recognized Shigella serotypes and E. coli. Between 1999 and 2003, isolates from across Canada were submitted to the National Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens for antibiotic susceptibility testing, phage typing and PFGE. These assays revealed heterogeneity among the members of this serotype. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with seven antibiotics identified six profiles, with 90 % (45/50) of the isolates resistant to four or more antibiotics and 72 % (36/50) resistant to five or more. All isolates were typable using a panel of 16 phages, with 11 different phage types (PTs) represented. The most common PTs found were PT 3 (64 %), PT 6 (10 %) and PT 16 (6 %). Analysis of XbaI-restricted genomic DNA revealed 16 highly related patterns that were not readily distinguishable from those obtained for some other Shigella serotypes. The World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Shigella has added serotype SH108 to the Shigella scheme as S. boydii serotype 20 (serovar nov.). Strain SH108 (isolate 99-4528) is the reference strain for this serotype.

High prevalence of trimethoprim-resistance cassettes in class 1 and 2 integrons in Senegalese Shigella spp isolates

“…Other studies have shown that class 2 integrons are more prevalent in industrialized and/or emerging countries [23,24,25]. Among shigellae, class 2 integrons tend to be associated with Shigella sonnei [26,20,27,28]. We detected class 1 and 2 integrons in S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and in the new serovar of S. boydii 20.…”

“…Previous studies also found similar patterns for S. boydii serotype 20 by using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis and ribotyping, and inferred that this serotype could be homogeneous [28,33].…”

“…We detected class 1 and 2 integrons in S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and in the new serovar of S. boydii 20. The latter was first isolated in Canada from patients who had recently travelled to Cuba, Ethiopia, India, Guatemala or Mexico [28]. In Senegal, this serovar was identified between July and September 2000.…”

Salmonellosis and Shigellosis Associated with Cattle Dung Contaminant from Indigenous Abattoirs, Osun State, Nigeria

“…It is common in developing countries where affected populations are immunologically compromised due to poor nutrition and background infections leading to high morbidity attributed to shigellosis [8][9][10]. Salmonellosis, a major cause of bacteria enteric illness in both humans and animals cause diseases in humans and is referred to as a zoonotic infection/disease.…”

Selection and Validation of a Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Panel for Typing Shigella spp

“…Serotyping is not always able to provide a correct species identification, due to cross-reactions or the absence of agglutination. New serotypes are regularly discovered (28,49) and are sometimes found to cross-react with Escherichia coli strains.…”