Identification and characterization of secreted factors that are upregulated during somatic cell reprogramming

Abstract

The process of cell reprogramming has been characterized considerably since the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the importance of cell-cell communications for cellular reprogramming remains largely unknown. Secreted factors, which are expressed and secreted during reprogramming, may influence the reprogramming efficiency. Here, we have identified Sostdc1, Glb1l2, Fetub, Dpp4, Gdf3, Trh, and Tdgf1 as prominently upregulated secreted factors during reprogramming. Our detailed analysis reveals that these seven factors may be categorized into four groups based on their expression patterns in relation to the reprogramming stages. Remarkably, knockdown of Sostdc1, which is the most prominently upregulated factor and which is expressed earlier than the other six factors, results in reduced reprogramming efficiency, suggesting its involvement in the reprogramming process.

Cholinergic circuit genes in the healthy brain are differentially expressed in regions that exhibit gray matter loss in Parkinson’s disease

“…The cholinergic marker genes NPPA, SOSTDC1 , TYRP1 were highly expressed across the healthy donors in the posterior cingulate network and anterior cingulate network compared to the other seven SCNs. While the functions of these genes likely involve cholinergic signaling, several studies suggest they also function as extracellular regulators of multiple other signaling pathways, including cAMP, Wnt, and β-catenin signaling (Brenner et al 1990; Hirobe 2011; Kutchko and Siltberg-Liberles 2013; De Vito 2014; Bansho et al 2017; Millan et al 2019).…”

Directed Evolution of an Enhanced POU Reprogramming Factor for Cell Fate Engineering

“…It is expressed in embryonic and epiblast stem cells ( McKnight et al. 2007 ) and was found to be moderately upregulated during pluripotency reprogramming in mice ( Bansho et al. 2017 ).…”

Cingulate networks associated with gray matter loss in Parkinson's disease show high expression of cholinergic genes in the healthy brain

“…Cholinergic marker genes NPPA , SOSTDC1 , and TYRP1 were highly expressed in the posterior cingulate network and anterior cingulate network of the healthy brain compared to the other seven SCNs. While the functions of these genes likely involve cholinergic signaling, several studies suggest that they also function as extracellular regulators of multiple other signaling pathways, including cAMP, Wnt, and β‐catenin signaling (Bansho et al., 2017; Brenner et al., 1990; De Vito, 2014; Hirobe, 2011; Kutchko & Siltberg‐Liberles, 2013; Millan et al., 2019).…”

“…Expression was averaged across samples from an anatomical substructure with the same acronym ignoring left and right hemisphere annotations. See Figure S3 for heatmaps of all six donors from the AHBA and Table S9 Wnt, and β-catenin signaling (Bansho et al, 2017;Brenner et al, 1990;De Vito, 2014;Hirobe, 2011;Kutchko & Siltberg-Liberles, 2013;Millan et al, 2019). NPPA (natriuretic peptide precursor A) and other natriuretic peptides are thought to be involved in a wide range of functions, including neurovascular functions, blood-brain barrier, brain homeostasis, neuroprotection, and synaptic transmission by regulating the release and re-uptake of neurotransmitters such as noradrenalin, dopamine, and glycine (Mahinrad et al, 2016).…”