Identification and characterization of quaternary ammonium compound resistant staphylococci from the food industry

Heir, Even; Sundheim, G.; Holck, Askild Lorentz

doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00044-6

Cited by 91 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Of the food-related strains tested, 132 strains have previously been investigated for presence of qac genes encoding efflux pumps that confer resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) (a group of disinfectants) and 19 strains were found to harbor qac genes (26,51). This information about the prevalence of qac genes can be compared to data on biofilm formation and the presence of icaA for the same strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation and the Presence of the Intercellular Adhesion Locus ica among Staphylococci from Food and Food Processing Environments

Møretrø¹,

Hermansen²,

Holck³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In clinical staphylococci, the presence of the ica genes and biofilm formation are considered important for virulence. Biofilm formation may also be of importance for survival and virulence in food-related staphylococci. In the present work, staphylococci from the food industry were found to differ greatly in their abilities to form biofilms on polystyrene. A total of 7 and 21 of 144 food-related strains were found to be strong and weak biofilm formers, respectively. Glucose and sodium chloride stimulated biofilm formation. The biofilm-forming strains belonged to nine different coagulase-negative species of Staphylococcus. The icaA gene of the intercellular adhesion locus was detected by Southern blotting and hybridization in 38 of 67 food-related strains tested. The presence of icaA was positively correlated with strong biofilm formation. The icaA gene was partly sequenced for 22 food-related strains from nine different species of Staphylococcus, and their icaA genes were found to have DNA similarities to previously sequenced icaA genes of 69 to 100%. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of the ica genes was higher in strong biofilm formers than that seen with strains not forming biofilms. Biofilm formation on polystyrene was positively correlated with biofilm formation on stainless steel and with resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, a group of disinfectants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation and the Presence of the Intercellular Adhesion Locus ica among Staphylococci from Food and Food Processing Environments

Møretrø¹,

Hermansen²,

Holck³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The same authors, however (120), conceded that quaternary ammonium compound use in the production facilities might have led to a selection for staphylococci bearing the qacAB genes. Bass et al (20) demonstrated that approximately one third of diseased poultry carried plasmids that encoded multiple antibiotic resistance; 63% VOL.…”

Section: Possible Associations Between Biocide Use and Resistance-fiementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has recently been much controversy surrounding the increased use of antibacterial substances in a wide range of consumer products and the possibility that, as with antibiotics, indiscriminate use of biocides might contribute to the overall pattern of susceptibility in the general environment and in the clinic. Such speculation, based on the isolation of resistant mutants from in vitro monoculture experiments, is not reflected by an emergence of biocide-resistant strains in vivo. This review provides a broad coverage of the biocide and resistance literature and evaluates the potential risks, perceived from such laboratory monoculture experiments, against evidence gathered over 50 years of field studies. An explanation for the continued effectiveness of broad-spectrum biocidal agents against the decline in efficacy of therapeutic agents is provided based on the fitness costs of resistance and the ubiquity of naturally occurring substances that possess antibacterial effect. While we conclude from this review of the literature that the incorporation of antibacterial agents into a widening sphere of personal products has had little or no impact on the patterns of microbial susceptibility observed in the environment, the associated risks remain finite. The use of such products should therefore be associated with a clear demonstration of added value either to consumer health or to the product life. Hygienic products should therefore be targeted to applications for which the risks have been established

show abstract

“…The QACs benzalkonium chloride (BC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are active components in various teat preparations commonly used for mastitis prevention in dairy herds in Norway and other countries (5,6). Efflux-mediated resistance to QACs has been observed in staphylococci of various origins, and several staphylococcal QAC resistance genes have been identified (2,5,6,7,9,10,11). These genes are in general plasmid-borne (21), encoding efflux proteins capable to expel hydrophobic drugs including QACs, the intercalating dye ethidium bromide (EtBr), and some other cationic biocides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Distribution of Disinfectant Resistance Genes among Staphylococci of Bovine and Caprine Origin in Norway

Bjorland

Steinum²,

Kvitle³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

Self Cite

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate here a widespread distribution of genes mediating efflux-based resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in staphylococci from unpasteurized milk from 127 dairy cattle herds and 70 dairy goat herds. QAC resistance genes were identified in 21% of the cattle herds (qacA/B, smr, qacG, and qacJ) and in 10% of the goat herds (qacA/B and smr). Further examination of 42 QAC-resistant bovine and caprine isolates revealed the following genes: qacA/B (12 isolates) was present in four different species of coagulasenegative staphylococci (CoNS), smr (27 isolates) was detected in eight different CoNS species and in Staphylococcus aureus on a previously reported plasmid (pNVH99), qacG (two isolates) was detected on two plasmids (pST94-like) in Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus warneri, and qacJ (two isolates) was found in Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus delphini on a plasmid (pNVH01) previously found in equine staphylococci. Isolation of indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) CoNS types from tank milk and mammary quarter milk samples in a dairy cattle herd suggested that these QAC-resistant staphylococci were of intramammary origin. Indistinguishable or closely related PFGE types of bovine QAC-resistant CoNS were observed in different herds. One particular bovine S. warneri PFGE type was isolated repeatedly from samples collected during a 30-month period in a herd, showing long-term persistence. In conclusion, it seems that the widespread distribution of staphylococci carrying QAC resistance genes in Norwegian dairy cattle and goat herds is the result of both the intra-and interspecies spread of QAC resistance plasmids and the clonal spread of QAC-resistant strains.

show abstract

Identification and characterization of quaternary ammonium compound resistant staphylococci from the food industry

Cited by 91 publications

References 29 publications

Biofilm Formation and the Presence of the Intercellular Adhesion Locus ica among Staphylococci from Food and Food Processing Environments

Biofilm Formation and the Presence of the Intercellular Adhesion Locus ica among Staphylococci from Food and Food Processing Environments

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

Widespread Distribution of Disinfectant Resistance Genes among Staphylococci of Bovine and Caprine Origin in Norway

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About