Identification and characterization of new designer drug 4-fluoro-PV9 and α-PHP in the seized materials

Abstract

In this study, we present identification and physicochemical characterization of new cathinone derivatives, 4-fluoro-PV9 and already known α-PHP in seized materials. Although the disclosure of α-PHP from an illegal product had been reported and characterized to some extent, the data on α-PHP are also presented together with those of 4-fluoro-PV9. The data of characterization for the two compounds were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–mass spectrometry and HPLC–diode array detection, electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry in MS2 and MS3 modes, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first report for identification and detailed characterization of 4-fluoro-PV9 circulated on the illegal drug market.

Spectroscopic characterization and crystal structures of two cathinone derivatives: N-ethyl-2-amino-1-phenylpropan-1-one (ethcathinone) hydrochloride and N-ethyl-2-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one (4-CEC) hydrochloride

“…Similarly, for compound 2, the same process led to the 4-chlorobenzoyl cation at m/z 139 and the next 4-chlorophenyl cation at m/z 111. These types of fragmentation are consistent with previously reported data [9, 17–19].

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“…The elimination of one water molecule from the protonated molecular ion is very characteristic for cathinones, especially in the tandem mode [19]. For both described compounds, this phenomenon appeared in MS 1 spectra.…”

Structure-Activity Relationships of Synthetic Cathinones

“…Uchiyama et al, 2014; Majchrzak et al, 2016). These agents include α-EAPP ( 56 ), 4-MeEAPP ( 57 ), α-PHP ( 58 ), α-POP ( 59 ), 4-fluoro-PV-9 ( 60 ), 3,4-dimethoxy- α-PVP ( 61 ), 4-fluoro-α-PVP ( 62 ), and MPHP ( 63 ) (Figure 14).…”

Identification and physicochemical characterization of 4‐fluorobutyrfentanyl (1‐((4‐fluorophenyl)(1‐phenethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)amino)butan‐1‐one, 4‐FBF) in seized materials and post‐mortem biological samples

“…[1][2][3] As announced by the European Early Warning System (EU-EWS), in 2005 14 NPS were identified in Europe alone, and in 2013 and 2014 these numbers grew to over 80 and 101, respectively. [1,4] In many countries, access to various different designer drugs is practically unlimited, as they can be easily purchased from regular and Internet retailers, but also from individual drug dealers. There is a large NPS consumer market worldwide and consequently, a growing number of reported fatal and non-fatal intoxications are encountered.…”

“…Among the substances present on the legal drug market, the most frequently identified are cathinone derivatives and synthetic cannabinoids, but also piperazines and phenylethylamines. [4] Quite recently, the synthetic opioid derivatives have emerged on the NPS market at a growing rate. [3] Two opioid derivatives increasingly used for recreational purposes are AH-7921 (N-substituted cyclohexylmethylbenzamide) and MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine).…”