Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum fructicola causing black spots on young fruits related to bitter rot of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) in China

Jiang, Jingjing; Zhai, Hongyan; Li, Huannan; Wang, Zhenhua; YongSen, Chen; Hóng, Ní; Wang, Guoping; Chofong, Gilbert Nchongboh; Xú, Wénxìng

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.01.003

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Notes — Colletotrichum fructicola was first reported on Coffea arabica in Thailand (Prihastuti et al 2009), and subsequently reported on Pyrus pyrifolia in Japan (Weir et al 2012), Citrus reticulata in China (Huang et al 2013), Pyrus bretschneideri in China (Li et al 2013), and other plants (e.g., Lima et al 2013, Liu et al 2015, Diao et al 2017). The species was identified as responsible for pear anthracnose, causing TS symptoms on P. pyrifolia leaves (Zhang et al 2015) and P. bretschneideri fruits in China (Jiang et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous reports the pathogenicity of most of the identified Colletotrichum species associated with pear anthracnose, including C. aenigma , C. fructicola , C. acutatum , C. fioriniae , C. pyricola , and C. salicis (Damm et al 2012b, Weir et al 2012, Jiang et al 2014, Schena et al 2014, Zhang et al 2015), remained unresolved. Here, pathogenicity tests were conducted in order to confirm Koch’s postulates for all the isolated species to clarify their pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and always occurs at the immature fruit stage, progressively developing to rot as the fruits ripen (Peres et al 2005, Alkan et al 2015, De Silva et al 2017). Previous results indicated that wounding can break the quiescent infection and enhance the infectivity of C. fructicola , leading to more rapid rot of young and mature fruits (Jiang et al 2014). It is worth to note that although the 12 species obtained in this study can infect pear fruits under wounded conditions, those isolated from pear leaves ( C. citricola , C. jinshuiense , C. karstii , C. plurivorum , C. pyrifoliae , and C. wuxiense ) showed no pathogenicity to pear fruits ( P. bretschneideri cv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China

et al. 2019

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Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a range of economically important hosts. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. To determine the morphology, phylogeny and biology of Colletotrichum species associated with Pyrus plants, a total of 295 samples were collected from cultivated pear species (including P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, and P. communis) from seven major pear-cultivation provinces in China. The pear leaves and fruits affected by anthracnose were sampled and subjected to fungus isolation, resulting in a total of 488 Colletotrichum isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS) coupled with morphology of 90 representative isolates revealed that they belong to 10 known Colletotrichum species, including C. aenigma, C. citricola, C. conoides, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, C. wuxiense, and two novel species, described here as C. jinshuiense and C. pyrifoliae. Of these, C. fructicola was the most dominant, occurring on P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri in all surveyed provinces except in Shandong, where C. siamense was dominant. In contrast, only C. siamense and C. fioriniae were isolated from P. communis, with the former being dominant. In order to prove Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests on pear leaves and fruits revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species and isolates, of which C. citricola, C. jinshuiense, C. pyrifoliae, and C. conoides appeared to be organ-specific on either leaves or fruits. This study also represents the first reports of C. citricola, C. conoides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. wuxiense causing anthracnose on pear.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China

et al. 2019

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“…The Colletotrichum species recently associated with bitter rot of apple are C. fioriniae (Kou et al 2013), C. godetiae (Baroncelli et al 2014) and C. nymphaeae (Velho et al 2014) belonging to the C. acutatum species complex, and C. fructicola, C. melonis and C. theobromicola (Velho et al 2015) belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Additionally, C. fructicola was found causing bitter rot in pears and black spots on young pear fruit related to bitter rot (Li et al 2013;Jiang et al 2014). Similar situations occur with other hosts of Colletotrichum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Colletotrichum fructicola is the dominant and one of the most aggressive species causing bitter rot of apple in Uruguay

Alaniz

Hernández

Mondino

2015

Trop. plant pathol.

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Forty-one isolates obtained from apple fruit exhibiting the typical symptoms of bitter rot in Uruguay were characterized based on molecular, phenotypic and pathogenicity data. Four species were identified based on the analysis of ITS, GAPDH and BTUB2 genes. The dominant species was Colletotrichum fructicola (33/41 isolates) followed by C. theobromicola (6/41 isolates), both belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex. The other species, with one isolate each, were C. melonis and Colletotrichum sp. both belonging to the C. acutatum species complex. Surprisingly, C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, commonly reported as the cause of bitter rot, were not found. Phenotypical traits were useful to assign the isolates to a species complex, but not to identify phylogenetic species. Isolates of all four species were able to cause the typical bitter rot disease, but the two species of the C. gloeosporioides species complex were the most aggressive based on lesion size.

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“…The disease occurs mainly on ripe fruits (Lei, et al, 2016), although infections are also present in developing fruits (Gil, et al, 2002;Jiang, et al, 2014) as has been observed at La Union vineyards (López-Zapata, et al, 2019). Grapes infected with Colletotrichum present lesions characterized by dark circular spots on the epidermis resulting in total damage to the berries that are then covered with masses of salmon-colored spores (Shiraishi, et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

In vitro effect of four fungicides on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnosis on the Red Globe grape variety

López-Zapata

Castaño-Zapata

2020

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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Anthracnose is considered one of the most important diseases of grape crops. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect on potato dextrose agar (PDA) of four fungicides: benomyl (Benlate® 50 WP), carbendazim (Belico ® 500 SC), chlorothalonil (Odeon® 720 SC), and dodine (Syllit ® 400 SC) using three concentrations on a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate. This species complex causes anthracnose on the Red Globe grape variety. The concentrations of each fungicide were: benomyl at 0.5, 0.25, and 1 g.L-1; carbendazim at 0.6, 0.3, and 1.2 mL.L-1; chlorothalonil at 2.4, 1.2, and 4.8 mL.L-1, and dodine at 1.6, 0.8, and 3.2 mL.L-1. Evaluated the inhibition of mycelial growth and the sporulation of the fungus. The fungus mycelium exposed to the commercial dose of the fungicides was observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). We used a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and five repetitions. Our results showed a degree of differential efficacy for the four fungicides and their effects were directly proportional to the dose used, benomyl and chlorothalonil being the most efficient in controlling the mycelial growth of the fungus. At the commercial dose, sporulation was inhibited at a higher rate by benomyl showing no statistically significant differences with the other products except chlorothalonil and dodine when the recommended dose was reduced by half. The damage observed by ESEM on the fungus mycelium ratified the effect obtained in vitro, i.e., deformed hyphae and irregular growth. The results of this study, complemented by electron microscopy, are promising for the appropriate selection of the best fungicides for controlling anthracnose on grape fruits, subject to the timely and correct diagnosis of the disease.

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Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum fructicola causing black spots on young fruits related to bitter rot of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) in China

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China

Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China

Colletotrichum fructicola is the dominant and one of the most aggressive species causing bitter rot of apple in Uruguay

In vitro effect of four fungicides on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnosis on the Red Globe grape variety

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