Identification and characterization of a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

Saidi, Shahin; Nabian, S; Ebrahimzade, Elahe; Najafi, Ali; Moghaddam, Mehrdad Moosazadeh; Sazmand, Alireza; Torkzadeh‐Mahani, Masoud; Tabrizi, Saeed Sattari

doi:10.1007/s10493-015-9993-1

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Cathepsin L proteases are proposed to play a role in haemoglobin digestion in some tick species, such as Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Ixodes ricinus [21]. In addition, it has been reported that the enzymes related to haemoglobin digestion could be suitable candidates for the development of anti-tick vaccines [9,20]. Bartley et al first reported the potential of Deg-CPR-1 as a vaccine candidate [4], and in the present study, we observed the expression of Deg-CPR-1 in the midgut of PRMs and a decrease in the survival of PRMs that were fed plasma from Deg-CPR-1immunised chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cysteine proteases, which are expressed in the gut of flatworms and nematodes, putatively contribute as digestive enzymes to the degradation of host proteins to absorbable nutrients [5]. In addition, cysteine proteases are reportedly involved in haemoglobin digestion, such as cathepsins B, C, and L, in some ticks [21], and are considered candidates for the development of anti-tick vaccines [9,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of a cysteine protease from poultry red mites and its potential use as a vaccine for chickens

et al. 2021

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Poultry red mites (PRMs, Dermanyssus gallinae) are ectoparasites that negatively affect farmed chickens, leading to serious economic losses worldwide. Acaricides have been used to control PRMs in poultry houses. However, some PRMs have developed resistance to acaricides, and therefore different approaches are required to manage the problems caused by PRMs. Vaccination of chickens is one of the methods being considered to reduce the number of PRMs in poultry houses. In a previous study, a cysteine protease, Deg-CPR-1, was identified as a candidate vaccine against PRMs distributed in Europe. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of Deg-CPR-1. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that Deg-CPR-1 is closely related to the digestive cysteine proteases of other mite species, and it was classified into a cluster different from that of chicken cathepsins. Deg-CPR-1 of PRMs in Japan has an amino acid substitution compared with that of PRMs in Europe, but it showed efficacy as a vaccine, consistent with previous findings. Deg-CPR-1 exhibited cathepsin L-like enzyme activity. In addition, the Deg-CPR-1 mRNA was expressed in the midgut and in all stages of PRMs that feed on blood. These results imply that Deg-CPR-1 in the midgut may have important functions in physiological processes, and the inhibition of its expression may contribute to the efficacy of a Deg-CPR-1-based vaccine. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms of vaccine efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of a cysteine protease from poultry red mites and its potential use as a vaccine for chickens

et al. 2021

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“…Since, the previous studies shown that CT and TRM are suitable immunogenic proteins as vaccine candidate (34)(35), in this study, we designed the potent vaccine candidate of CT and TRM proteins of Rh.annulatus tick larva. Also, we decide to evaluate the protective immunity induced by this vaccine candidate construct against infestation of Rh.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing of potential vaccine candidates of fused cathepsin L and tropomyosin genes of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus tick larva

Asadollahi

Nabian

Taheri

et al. 2018

JBRMS

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Introduction: Regarding emerging tick resistance against acaricides, researches have been shifted toward alternative approaches such as immunologic methods. Vaccine preparation is an alternative way in which choosing appropriate protein with high immune induction potency is a prerequisite. In addition according to studies, using more than one protein could better enhance the immune induction and antibody production. Choosing immunogenic epitopes from selected proteins and adjoining them with a suitable linker is one of the novel approaches in vaccine design. Materials and methods: Based on the fact that both cathepsin and tropomyosin proteins of Rhipicephalus tick were previously recognized as potent immunogenic antigens, we predicted the immunogenic epitopes of these proteins by immunoinformatic methods. Among studied epitopes, those that were met by multiple bioinformatics tools were used. Results: Finally, the polytopic construction was designed by assembling the selected epitopes and connecting them with linkers. Conclusion: Using immunoinformatic tools, we predicted the characteristics of two genes of Rhipicephalus annulatus tick larva as fused potent vaccine candidates namely, cathepsin and tropomyosin.

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“…The characteristic motifs are highly conserved in the prodomain of the cathepsin L subfamily; moreover, the motifs are termed ERFNIN and GNFD based on their amino acid sequences. Contrastingly, other cathepsins B, C, O, and X, which are also cysteine proteases, lack the ERFNIN motif ( Saidi et al, 2016 ). Among the cysteine proteases encoding both motifs, the amino acid residues of ERFNIN at the first, third, and fourth positions (E, F, and I) are often substituted by other residues ( Pandey et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, cysteine protease expressed in the gut of flatworms and nematodes putatively contribute to host protein degradation ( Caffrey et al, 2018 ). In ticks, cysteine proteases, including cathepsins B, C, and L ( Sojka et al, 2013 ), are considered to be involved in hemoglobin digestion and are regarded as antigen candidates for antitick vaccines ( Horn et al, 2009 ; Saidi et al, 2016 ). In PRMs, 2 cysteine proteases, Dermanyssus gallinae Cathepsin L-1 ( Dg-CatL-1 ) ( Bartley et al, 2012 ) and Dermanyssus gallinae Cysteine protease-1 ( Deg-CPR-1 ) ( Bartley et al, 2015 ; Murata et al, 2021 ), have been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of a cysteine protease from poultry red mites, Demanyssus gallinae, as a vaccine antigen for chickens

et al. 2022

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Poultry red mites ( PRMs , Dermanyssus gallinae ) are hematophagous ectoparasites that negatively affect egg production, which causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Currently, the emergence of acaricide-resistant PRMs has impeded PRM control in poultry farms. Several alternatives for acaricide use have been described for managing PRM-caused problems. Vaccination is among the methods for controlling PRMs in poultry houses. Currently, several candidates for vaccine antigens have been identified. This study identified a cysteine protease, Deg-CPR-2, which differs from 2 other previously reported cysteine proteases in PRMs, from previously obtained data from RNA-sequencing ( RNA-seq ) analysis. We investigated the characteristics of Deg-CPR-2 and assessed its efficacy as a vaccine antigen in vitro. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Deg-CPR-2 belonged to a different cluster from those of other cysteine proteases in PRMs. This cluster also included cathepsin L-like proteases, enzymes thought to be involved in hemoglobin digestion in ticks. Expression analysis revealed Deg-CPR-2 expression in midguts and all the life-stages; however, there were differences in the expression levels across the life-stages. The enzyme activity of recombinant Deg-CPR-2 was inhibited in the presence of a cysteine protease inhibitor, which suggests that Deg-CPR-2 functions as a cysteine protease in PRMs. Finally, there was an in vitro increase in the mortality of PRMs, mainly protonymphs that were artificially fed with plasma from chickens immunized with Deg-CPR-2. These findings suggest that Deg-CPR-2 may contribute to protein digestion in the midgut of PRMs and is crucially involved in physiological processes in PRMs. Additionally, immunization with Deg-CPR-2 may reduce the number of protonymphs, and Deg-CPR-2 should be considered as a candidate antigen for anti-PRM vaccine development.

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Identification and characterization of a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Characterisation of a cysteine protease from poultry red mites and its potential use as a vaccine for chickens

Characterisation of a cysteine protease from poultry red mites and its potential use as a vaccine for chickens

Designing of potential vaccine candidates of fused cathepsin L and tropomyosin genes of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus tick larva

In vitro evaluation of a cysteine protease from poultry red mites, Demanyssus gallinae, as a vaccine antigen for chickens

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