“…In plants, SAP genes are induced by one or multiple abiotic stresses and function in a stress- and/or tissue-specific manner [ 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Recent studies suggest that SAPs act as ubiquitin ligases, redox sensors, and/or gene expression regulators under stress conditions [ 55 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Interestingly, the majority of the studies attempting to constitutively express SAPs in model plants (such as tobacco, Arabidopsis , and rice) report enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stress factors, including drought, salinity, cold, heat, oxidative stresses, and heavy metals [ 62 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”