Identification and Characterization of a Permethrin Resistance Mechanism in Populations of the Fungus GnatLycoriella Mali(Fitch) (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Bartlett, Gene R.; Keil, Clifford B.

doi:10.1006/pest.1997.2306

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, was introduced in the United States against Lycoriella mali in 1981 51. Growers' continuous attempts to increase the amount and frequency of the permethrin applications resulted in increased resistance of L. mali to the insecticide.…”

Section: Chemical Control Of Mushroom Flies By Conventional Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) and Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock), in cultivated mushrooms

Shamshad

2010

Pest Management Science

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Mushrooms are susceptible to a range of diseases and pests that can cause serious crop loss. Effective pest and pathogen control is a very important factor for the maintenance of efficient production of cultivated mushrooms. Integrated pest management in mushrooms is reliant upon four main principals/elements: sanitation, exclusion, monitoring and pest control. Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock) and Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Diptera: Sciaridae) are major pests of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. These pests cause losses in yield through larval damage of the compost, mycelium and sporophores, and affect the structural features of the compost itself. Adult flies of these species also act as vectors for the introduction of mites and fungal diseases in cultivated mushrooms.

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Section: Chemical Control Of Mushroom Flies By Conventional Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) and Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock), in cultivated mushrooms

Shamshad

2010

Pest Management Science

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“…These measures may provide adequate control if adhered to. However, pesticide resistance problems have been detected, and application of certain pesticides at the casing layer has caused mycotoxic side effects, resulting in yield reductions (Erler F, unpublished) 14–16. Additionally, many pesticides used in mushroom cultivation have broad‐spectrum activity and persistence, which may lead to the presence of residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), with plant extracts

Erler

Polat

Demir

et al. 2008

Pest Management Science

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“…However, several factors have shown the necessity for changing standard pest management practices for this species. Early reports of rapid resistance development by the flies to pyrethroid insecticides [15–17], the difficulty in excluding flies from mushroom houses, and a growing consumer demand for chemical-free mushrooms [18], have all contributed to a realization that novel, sustainable pest management tools are necessary to provide mushroom growers with biorational ways to keep pest populations down.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attraction, Oviposition and Larval Survival of the Fungus Gnat, Lycoriella ingenua, on Fungal Species Isolated from Adults, Larvae, and Mushroom Compost

et al. 2016

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We previously showed that the females of the mushroom sciarid, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) (Diptera: Sciaridae), one of the most severe pests of the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach (Agaricales: Agaricaceae), are attracted to the mushroom compost that mushrooms are grown on and not to the mushrooms themselves. We also showed that females are attracted to the parasitic green mold, Trichoderma aggressivum. In an attempt to identify what is in the mushroom compost that attracts female L. ingenua, we isolated several species of fungi from adult males and females, third instar larvae, and mushroom compost itself. We then analyzed the attraction of females to these substrates using a static-flow two choice olfactometer, as well as their oviposition tendencies in another type of assay under choice and no-choice conditions. We also assessed the survival of larvae to adulthood when first instar larvae were placed on each of the isolated fungal species. We found that female flies were attracted most to the mycoparasitic green mold, T. aggressivum, to Penicilium citrinum isolated from adult female bodies, and to Scatylidium thermophilium isolated from the mushroom compost. Gravid female flies laid the most eggs on T. aggressivum, Aspergillus flavus isolated from third instar larval frass, Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from adult male bodies, and on P. citrinum. This egg-laying trend remained consistent under no-choice conditions as females aged. First instar larvae developed to adulthood only on S. thermophilium and Chaetomium sp. isolated from mushroom compost, and on P. citrinum. Our results indicate that the volatiles from a suite of different fungal species act in tandem in the natural setting of mushroom compost, with some first attracting gravid female flies and then others causing them to oviposit. The ecological context of these findings is important for creating an optimal strategy for using possible semiochemicals isolated from these fungal species to better monitor and control this pestiferous mushroom fly species.

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Identification and Characterization of a Permethrin Resistance Mechanism in Populations of the Fungus GnatLycoriella Mali(Fitch) (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

The development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) and Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock), in cultivated mushrooms

The development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) and Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock), in cultivated mushrooms

Control of the mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), with plant extracts

Attraction, Oviposition and Larval Survival of the Fungus Gnat, Lycoriella ingenua, on Fungal Species Isolated from Adults, Larvae, and Mushroom Compost

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