Identification and characterization of a chlorate-resistant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with mutations in both nitrate reductase structural genes NIA1 and NIA2

Wilkinson, Jack Q.; Crawford, Nigel M.

doi:10.1007/bf00281630

Cited by 275 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It has been suspected for some time that the main limiting factor for NO 3 assimilation in illuminated leaves was the delivery of NO 3 susbtrate from the xylem or the vacuole, and that active NR was present in large excess (Brunetti & Hageman 1976;Beevers & Hageman 1980;Robin et al 1983). That idea received support from the previous studies with plants having genetically modified NR expression, where low or high NRA levels did not result in large scale growth modifications (Vincentz & Caboche 1991;Dorbe et al 1992;Wilkinson & Crawford 1993;Quillere et al 1994;Nussaume et al 1995 6. Reduction of xylem-supplied 15 NO 3 in detached leaves of PBD6 (wild-type) and 27.8.9 (high-NR) tobacco plants.…”

Section: No 3 Reductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…However, in comparison with the large body of work at molecular and biochemical levels, only a few physiological studies have addressed the question of whether the actual rate of NO 3 reduction is dependent on NR activity (NRA). Mutants or transformants deficient in NR are available for several species (Kleinhofs & Warner 1990;Vaucheret et al 1990;Dorbe, Caboche & Daniel-Vedele 1992;Wilkinson & Crawford 1993;Hoff et al 1994). More recently, transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing NR have been obtained in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana tabacum (Vincentz & Caboche 1991;Dorlhac de Borne et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conclusions from molecular, biochemical and growth studies are difficult to reconcile, and the idea that the multiple and complex events involved in the regulation of NR may have limited functional significance remains quite confusing (Wilkinson & Crawford 1993). A large part of the problem relates to the fact that, except for a few reports on barley mutants (Kleinhofs & Warner 1990), physiological characterizations of low-and high-NR genotypes never included measurements of the in vivo NO 3 reduction rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of genetic modification of nitrate reductase expression on 15NO3- uptake and reduction in Nicotiana plants

Gojon

Dapoigny²,

Lejay

et al. 1998

Plant Cell Environ

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The physiological consequences for NO3– utilization by the plant of underexpression and overexpression of nitrate reductase (NR) were investigated in nine transformants of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. The in vitro NR activities (NRAs) in both roots and leaves of low‐ and high‐NR tobacco transformants ranged from 5–10% to 150–200%, respectively, of those measured in wild‐type plants. The level of NR expression markedly affected the NO3– reduction efficiency in detached leaves and intact plants. In both species, 15NO3– reduction ranged from 15–45% of 15NO3– uptake in the low‐NR plants, to 40–80% in the wild‐type, and up to 95% in high‐NR plants. In the high‐NR genotypes, however, total 15NO3– assimilation was not significantly increased when compared with that in wild‐type plants, because the higher 15NO3– reduction efficiency was offset by lower 15NO3– uptake by the roots. The inhibition of NO3– uptake appeared to be the result of negative feedback regulation of NO3– influx, and is interpreted as an adjustment of NO3– uptake to prevent excessive amino acid synthesis. In genotypes underexpressing NR, the low 15NO3– reduction efficiency also was generally associated with a decrease in net 15NO3– uptake as compared with the wild type. Thus, underexpression of NR resulted in an inhibition of reduced 15N synthesis in the plant, although the effect was much less pronounced than that expected from the very low NRAs. The restricted NO3– uptake in low‐NR plants emphasizes the point that the products of NO3– assimilation are not the only factors responsible for down‐regulation of the NO3– uptake system.

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Section: No 3 Reductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of genetic modification of nitrate reductase expression on 15NO3- uptake and reduction in Nicotiana plants

Gojon

Dapoigny²,

Lejay

et al. 1998

Plant Cell Environ

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“…For wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings, nia2 is roughly responsible for 90% of the nitrate reductase activity, while nia1 accounts for the remaining 10% (Wilkinson and Crawford 1991). Although the tissue-specific transcriptional responses of nia1 and nia2 can differ under some conditions including light (Cheng et al 1991) and cytokinin application (Yu et al 1998), the nia2 deletion mutant can grow normally on nitrate-containing medium based on nia1 activity alone (Wilkinson and Crawford 1993). Theoretical studies suggest that functional compensation by gene duplicates can be evolutionarily preserved and experimental evidence in support of this theory has been reported for a number of organisms including yeast (Wagner 2000), nematodes (Conant and Wagner 2004), and Arabidopsis (Hanada et al 2009) and has been shown to be a key mechanism by which primary and secondary metabolism is preserved for Arabidopsis thaliana (Hanada et al 2011).…”

Section: Potential Buffering Mechanisms At the Molecular Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling nitrogen and carbon interactions: what are the consequences of biological buffering?

Weston

Rogers

Tschaplinski

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding the consequences of elevated CO2 (eCO2; 800 ppm) on terrestrial ecosystems is a central theme in global change biology, but relatively little is known about how altered plant C and N metabolism influences higher levels of biological organization. Here, we investigate the consequences of C and N interactions by genetically modifying the N-assimilation pathway in Arabidopsis and initiating growth chamber and mesocosm competition studies at current CO2 (cCO2; 400 ppm) and eCO2 over multiple generations. Using a suite of ecological, physiological, and molecular genomic tools, we show that a single-gene mutant of a key enzyme (nia2) elicited a highly orchestrated buffering response starting with a fivefold increase in the expression of a gene paralog (nia1) and a 63% increase in the expression of gene network module enriched for N-assimilation genes. The genetic perturbation reduced amino acids, protein, and TCA-cycle intermediate concentrations in the nia2 mutant compared to the wild-type, while eCO2 mainly increased carbohydrate concentrations. The mutant had reduced net photosynthetic rates due to a 27% decrease in carboxylation capacity and an 18% decrease in electron transport rates. The expression of these buffering mechanisms resulted in a penalty that negatively correlated with fitness and population dynamics yet showed only minor alterations in our estimates of population function, including total per unit area biomass, ground cover, and leaf area index. This study provides insight into the consequences of buffering mechanisms that occur post-genetic perturbations in the N pathway and the associated outcomes these buffering systems have on plant populations relative to eCO2.

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“…Nitrate reductase activity, by contrast, is widely accepted as a source of NO production. In Arabidopsis, nitrate reductases are encoded by two genes, NIA1 and NIA2 (Wilkinson & Crawford, 1993;Wilson et al, 2008). These enzymes play a central role in nitrogen assimilation and catalyse the reduction of nitrite to NO (Yamasaki & Sakihama, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate reductase mutation alters potassium nutrition as well as nitric oxide‐mediated control of guard cell ion channels in Arabidopsis

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

New Phytologist

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SummaryMaintaining potassium (K + ) nutrition and a robust guard cell K + inward channel activity is considered critical for plants' adaptation to fluctuating and challenging growth environment. ABA induces stomatal closure through hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) along with subsequent ion channel-mediated loss of K + and anions. However, the interactions of NO synthesis and signalling with K + nutrition and guard cell K + channel activities have not been fully explored in Arabidopsis. Physiological and molecular techniques were employed to dissect the interaction of nitrogen and potassium nutrition in regulating stomatal opening, CO 2 assimilation and ion channel activity. These data, gene expression and ABA signalling transduction were compared in wildtype Columbia-0 (Col-0) and the nitrate reductase mutant nia1nia2.Growth and K + nutrition were impaired along with stomatal behaviour, membrane transport, and expression of genes associated with ABA signalling in the nia1nia2 mutant. ABA-inhibited K + in current and ABA-enhanced slow anion current were absent in nia1nia2. Exogenous NO restored regulation of these channels for complete stomatal closure in nia1nia2.While NO is an important signalling component in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis, our findings demonstrate a more complex interaction associating potassium nutrition and nitrogen metabolism in the nia1nia2 mutant that affects stomatal function.

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Identification and characterization of a chlorate-resistant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with mutations in both nitrate reductase structural genes NIA1 and NIA2

Cited by 275 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of genetic modification of nitrate reductase expression on 15NO3- uptake and reduction in Nicotiana plants

Effects of genetic modification of nitrate reductase expression on 15NO3- uptake and reduction in Nicotiana plants

Scaling nitrogen and carbon interactions: what are the consequences of biological buffering?

Nitrate reductase mutation alters potassium nutrition as well as nitric oxide‐mediated control of guard cell ion channels in Arabidopsis

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