Identification and biological traits of a planthopper from the genus Pentastiridius (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) adapted to an annual cropping rotation

Bressan, Alberto; Holzinger, Werner E.; Nusillard, Benoit; Sémétey, Olivier; Gatineau, Frédéric; Simonato, Mauro; Boudon‐Padieu, E.

doi:10.14411/eje.2009.052

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We sampled a side of each selected sugar beet Þeld that interfaced directly with a neighboring wheat Þeld, which followed sugar beets planted in the previous year. These Þelds can be important sources for emigrant planthoppers in the summer (Bressan et al 2009a, Bressan et al 2010 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its association with cultivated crops has been described only recently (Gatineau 2002;Bressan et al 2009aBressan et al , 2010. In eastern France, P. leporinus has been identiÞed as the vector of a plant pathogenic bacterium of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) called ÔCan-didatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicusÕ (Ca.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, several phases of P. leporinus life cycle were monitored (Bressan et al 2009a(Bressan et al , 2010.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…After completion of the winter diapauses, nymphs complete the development in the next spring by feeding on the roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Thus, the adults that emerge from wheat Þelds during summer (June and July) migrate to neighboring sugar beet Þelds (Bressan et al 2009a(Bressan et al , 2010, perpetuating a life cycle specialized for the sugar beet-wheat cropping rotation. The life cycle of P. leporinus has been illustrated in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the recent host shift of H. obsoletus to nettle as main host, which has caused an extraordinary increase of insect populations, has exacerbated the spread of speciÞc stolbur phytoplasma strains affecting grapevine across several grape-growing areas in Europe (Maixner et al 2006). We have suggested previously that the emergence of the disease of sugar beet, syndrome Ôbasses richessesÕ (SBR, i.e., low sugar-content disease) , Sé mé tey et al 2007, Salar et al 2009) in eastern France has been coincidental with the increasing populations of P. leporinus in sugar beet Þelds (Bressan et al 2009a(Bressan et al , 2010.…”

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The Prevalence of ‘<I>Candidatus</I> Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ Infecting the Planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) Increase Nonlinearly With the Population Abundance in Sugar Beet Fields

Bressan¹,

Moral²,

Boudon‐Padieu

2011

env. entom.

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The planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (L.) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) has been identified as the main vector of 'Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus', a plant pathogenic bacterium associated to a sugar beet disease in eastern France called syndrome 'basses richesses'. In a 2-yr survey (2006-07), we quantified the abundance of P. leporinus populations migrating into 29 sugar beet fields in eastern France. Sticky traps posted in these fields were monitored on a twice-weekly (2006) or weekly (2007) basis. Subsets of the captured planthoppers were tested for the presence of Ca. A. phytopathogenicus through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that planthoppers colonized sugar beet fields in June and July of each year, following temporal patterns of migration that were fitted to logistic functions. The number of planthoppers migrating into sugar beet fields greatly varied among the fields and the years surveyed, averaging from a few (2-10) to over 400 planthoppers per trap. Interestingly, the prevalence of planthoppers infected by Ca. A. phytopathogenicus increased nonlinearly with the abundance of planthoppers captured on the traps. The proportion of infection for Ca. A. phytopathogenicus ranged from ≍0.07-1 (total infection) in small (2-10 planthoppers per trap) and large (400 planthoppers per trap) populations, respectively. We hypothesize that the outbreaks of P. leporinus in sugar beet fields, and the consequent increased rates of planthoppers infected by the Ca. A. phytopathogenicus, are key factors leading to the emergence of the sugar beet disease in eastern France.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, several phases of P. leporinus life cycle were monitored (Bressan et al 2009a(Bressan et al , 2010.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of ‘<I>Candidatus</I> Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ Infecting the Planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) Increase Nonlinearly With the Population Abundance in Sugar Beet Fields

Bressan¹,

Moral²,

Boudon‐Padieu

2011

env. entom.

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Life history traits and a method for continuous mass rearing of the planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus, a vector of the causal agent of syndrome ‘basses richesses’ in sugar beet

Pfitzer¹,

Varrelmann²,

Schrameyer

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) is the main vector of the γ‐3 proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ which causes the syndrome ‘basses richesses’ (SBR) in sugar beet. SBR is a new and fast‐spreading disease in Central Europe that leads to high yield losses. To date, the development of management strategies has been hampered by insufficient knowledge about general life history traits of the planthopper and, most importantly, the year‐round availability of insects reared under controlled conditions. Rearing of P. leporinus has been considered challenging and to date no protocol exists. RESULTS Here we describe a method for mass rearing P. leporinus on sugar beet from egg to adult that has produced five generations and over 20 000 individuals between June 2020 and March 2022. An alternative host such as wheat is not necessary for completing the life cycle. No‐choice experiments showed that P. leporinus lays 139.1 ± 132.9 eggs on sugar beet, whereas no oviposition was observed on its nymphal host wheat. Head capsule width was identified as a trait that unequivocally distinguished the five nymphal instars. Developmental time from first instar to adult was 193.6 ± 35.8 days for males and 193.5 ± 59.2 days for females. Infection rates of adults were tested with a nested polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that 70%–80% of reared planthoppers across all generations carried the SBR proteobacterium. CONCLUSION The mass‐rearing protocol and life history data will help overcome an important bottleneck in SBR research and enhance efforts in developing integrated pest management tools. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Effects of succession crops and soil tillage on suppressing the syndrome ‘basses richesses’ vector Pentastiridius leporinus in sugar beet

Pfitzer,

Rostás,

Häußermann

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDPentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) is the most important vector of syndrome ‘basses richesses’ (SBR), a new disease that leads to severe economic losses in sugar beet. In this study, different soil tillage methods (ploughing and cultivator) and crops (winter wheat, spring wheat, maize and bare soil) following SBR‐infested sugar beet were tested as potential management options in field trials. In the laboratory, the survival and development of first and third instar nymphs on wheat and maize was studied to further assess their suitability as host plants.RESULTSIn five out of seven field sites, reduced soil tillage had no effect on adult planthopper emergence compared to ploughing. In two sites, reduced tillage resulted in higher emergence rates. In nearly all field sites, up to 98.9% fewer emerging adults were detected in bare soil and maize, when compared to winter wheat. Under laboratory conditions, the lowest survival rate was found in first instar nymphs feeding on maize seedlings (4.2%), while 66.7% survived on wheat, over a period of 300 days. In contrast, 73.3% and 70% of third instar nymphs survived on wheat and maize over a period of 150 days.CONCLUSIONSoil tillage had little effect against P. leporinus. Maize is a poor host for first instars but a suitable resource for third instar nymphs, the stage which encounters maize under field conditions. Hence, reductions in planthopper emergence in the field were likely caused by starvation due to the long host‐free period between sugar beet harvest and the sowing of maize.

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Identification and biological traits of a planthopper from the genus Pentastiridius (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) adapted to an annual cropping rotation

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

The Prevalence of ‘<I>Candidatus</I> Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ Infecting the Planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) Increase Nonlinearly With the Population Abundance in Sugar Beet Fields

The Prevalence of ‘<I>Candidatus</I> Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ Infecting the Planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) Increase Nonlinearly With the Population Abundance in Sugar Beet Fields

Life history traits and a method for continuous mass rearing of the planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus, a vector of the causal agent of syndrome ‘basses richesses’ in sugar beet

Effects of succession crops and soil tillage on suppressing the syndrome ‘basses richesses’ vector Pentastiridius leporinus in sugar beet

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