Identification and antioxidant characterisation of thioredoxin-like1 from Apis cerana cerana

Abstract

Thioredoxins (Trxs) play a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and protecting organisms against toxic reactive oxygen species. Compared with the well-studied Trxs in Mammalia, little is reported in insects. In this study, we isolated a Trx-like1 gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccTrx-like1), a single copy gene, and characterised its antioxidant activity. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical assays revealed that AccTrx-like1 was most highly expressed in larvae and was localised primarily in the epidermis and brain tissue of adults. Expression analyses indicated that AccTrx-like1 expression is induced by both H 2 O 2 and low temperatures. Moreover, catalase activity and malondialdehyde levels were inversely related to the expression levels of AccTrx-like1 in honeybee injected with H 2 O 2 at 30 min. Taken together, these results suggest that AccTrx-like1 is an important antioxidant gene that is likely to play a role in preventing oxidative stress in A. cerana cerana.

Sequence analysis, expression profiles and function of thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin reductase 1 in resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus in Helicoverpa armigera

“…3B ), suggested that it may play vital roles in antioxidant defense in these tissues, which are central organs in metabolism and detoxification. The expression of Trx in larval tissues appears to show a species-dependent pattern: BmTrx is mainly expressed in the fat body and silk gland 21 ; AccTrx1 and AccTrx-like1 exhibit higher expression in the epidermis than in other tissues 23 25 ; and AccTrx2 is expressed at higher levels in the brain and midgut 24 . However, the HaTrxR gene is mainly expressed in the hemocytes, midgut, Malpighian tubules, and CNS ( Fig.…”

“…In Apis mellifera , three Trxs have been identified: AmTrx1 , which is located in the mitochondrion, AmTrx2 , which is a putative ortholog of Drosophila Trx2 and may play a vital role in redox homeostasis, and AmTrx3 22 . In Apis cerana cerana , some Trxs, including AccTrx-like1 23 , AccTrx2 24 and AccTrx1 25 , have been demonstrated to participate in antioxidant defense. All of the above studies suggest that Trxs play a major role in maintaining redox homeostasis and resisting adverse circumstances in insects.…”

Functional and mutational analyses of an omega‐class glutathione S‐transferase (GSTO2) that is required for reducing oxidative damage in Apis cerana cerana

“…CAT and GR activities; H 2 O 2 , MDA, protein carbonyl and ascorbate contents; and the GSH/GSSG ratio were then tested using commercially available assay kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). These assay kits have been used successfully for various organisms, including bees (Lu et al ., ; Yao et al ., ). All procedures for each assay were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals rapid and extensive nicotine detoxification ability in honey bee larvae

“…These proteins have all been reported to be present in A. mellifera larvae during development (Cameron et al, 2013;Feng et al, 2014;Li et al, 2009). In the sister species of A. mellifera, A. cerana, these antioxidant proteins play critical roles in resisting oxidative stress and were shown to be transiently overproduced under stress conditions including pesticide exposure (Lu et al, 2012;Yao et al, 2014Yao et al, , 2013.…”