Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from surface water

Łuczkiewicz, Aneta; Jankowska, Katarzyna; Kurlenda, Julianna; Olańczuk-Neyman, K.

doi:10.2166/wst.2010.909

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Among the surface water samples, out of 23 possible Enterococcus species [24], nine species (including all other species) were detected and their percentages differed among locations and environmental compartments (Table 1). E. faecalis and E. faecium (characteristic of the digestive tract of human and warm-blooded animals) were the predominant species in surface water (27% and 26%, respectively), consistent with previous reports [2,9,30]. E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. durans were isolated from the poultry litter samples in this study, which is consistent with the literature, in that they are generally regarded as animal-derived strains, found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry [31,32].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Furtula

Jackson

Farrell

et al. 2013

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enterococcus spp. from two poultry farms and proximate surface and ground water sites in an area of intensive poultry production were tested for resistance to 16 clinical antibiotics. Resistance patterns were compared to assess trends and possible correlations for specific antimicrobials and levels of resistance. Enterococci were detected at all 12 surface water sites and three of 28 ground water sites. Resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin in poultry litter isolates was high (80.3%, 65.3%, 61.1% and 49.6%, respectively). Resistance in the surface water to the same antibiotics was 87.1%, 24.1%, 7.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Overall, 86% of litter isolates, 58% of surface water isolates and 100% of ground water isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Fifty-four different resistance patterns were recognised in isolates obtained from litter and environmental samples and several E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from litter and environment samples shared the same resistance pattern. Multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) indices calculated to assess health risks due to the presence of resistant enterococci suggested an increased presence of antibiotics in surface water, likely from poultry sources as no other wastewater contributions in the area were documented.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Furtula

Jackson

Farrell

et al. 2013

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study supports the need for more mechanistic, empirical studies to address the role of environmental variability in the survival of ARB and ARGs, including parameters such as temperature and flow rates. Later sampling events, when no vanA genes were detected and no VRE were detected, support the previous studies suggesting their sewage association and absence of environmental background levels (30,50,90). While this study lacks a "before" sampling date for this site, the temporal sampling and the current literature support the idea that the vanA genes and VRE were derived from sewage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Bacterial Community Structure following a Sewage Spill into an Aquatic Environment

Young

Sun

Badgley

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sewage spills can release antibiotic-resistant bacteria into surface waters, contributing to environmental reservoirs and potentially impacting human health. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are nosocomial pathogens that have been detected in environmental habitats, including soil, water, and beach sands, as well as wildlife feces. However, VRE harboring vanA genes that confer high-level resistance have infrequently been found outside clinical settings in the United States. This study found culturable Enterococcus faecium harboring the vanA gene in water and sediment for up to 3 days after a sewage spill, and the quantitative PCR (qPCR) signal for vanA persisted for an additional week. Culturable levels of enterococci in water exceeded recreational water guidelines for 2 weeks following the spill, declining about five orders of magnitude in sediments and two orders of magnitude in the water column over 6 weeks. Analysis of bacterial taxa via 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed changes in community structure through time following the sewage spill in sediment and water. The spread of opportunistic pathogens harboring high-level vancomycin resistance genes beyond hospitals and into the broader community and associated habitats is a potential threat to public health, requiring further studies that examine the persistence, occurrence, and survival of VRE in different environmental matrices. IMPORTANCEVancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are harmful bacteria that are resistant to the powerful antibiotic vancomycin, which is used as a last resort against many infections. This study followed the release of VRE in a major sewage spill and their persistence over time. Such events can act as a means of spreading vancomycin-resistant bacteria in the environment, which can eventually impact human health.A ntibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are a growing public health threat and an economic burden globally. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States has placed a high priority on addressing antibiotic resistance because of rising rates of ARB infection and associated disease burden and health care costs (1, 2). Most infections caused by ARB are nosocomial transmissions (i.e., originating in a hospital), but the role of environmental reservoirs in spreading ARB outside clinical settings is poorly understood. Studies have emphasized the role of environmental reservoirs in the spread of antibiotic resistance for decades, but more field and laboratory studies are necessary to address the specific mechanisms and conditions under which ARB survive and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) persist or can be transferred (3-5). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are sources of ARB, ARGs, and antimicrobial compounds through both treated effluent and the unplanned release of raw sewage to surface waters (6-9). ARB, ARGs, and antibiotics can be released into aquatic environments through human and agricultural waste, establishing routes of human exposure and threats to ecosystem health.Vancomycin i...

show abstract

“…The integration of the van operons on transposons and on conjugative plasmids has enhanced their spread (Courvalin, 2006). Reports of VRE in freshwater have been provided by several authors (Talebi et al, 2008; Lata et al, 2009; Luczkiewicz et al, 2010). Interestingly, Schwartz et al (2003) detected van A genes in the biofilm of drinking water supplies, in the absence of enterococci, demonstrating the lateral transfer of this gene.…”

Section: Origins Of Acquired Antibiotic Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance: The Common Mechanisms of Emergence and Spread in Water Bodies

Lupo¹,

Coyne²,

Berendonk³

2012

Front. Microbio.

334

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environment, and especially freshwater, constitutes a reactor where the evolution and the rise of new resistances occur. In water bodies such as waste water effluents, lakes, and rivers or streams, bacteria from different sources, e.g., urban, industrial, and agricultural waste, probably selected by intensive antibiotic usage, are collected and mixed with environmental species. This may cause two effects on the development of antibiotic resistances: first, the contamination of water by antibiotics or other pollutants lead to the rise of resistances due to selection processes, for instance, of strains over-expressing broad range defensive mechanisms, such as efflux pumps. Second, since environmental species are provided with intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the mixture with allochthonous species is likely to cause genetic exchange. In this context, the role of phages and integrons for the spread of resistance mechanisms appears significant. Allochthonous species could acquire new resistances from environmental donors and introduce the newly acquired resistance mechanisms into the clinics. This is illustrated by clinically relevant resistance mechanisms, such as the fluoroquinolones resistance genes qnr. Freshwater appears to play an important role in the emergence and in the spread of antibiotic resistances, highlighting the necessity for strategies of water quality improvement. We assume that further knowledge is needed to better understand the role of the environment as reservoir of antibiotic resistances and to elucidate the link between environmental pollution by anthropogenic pressures and emergence of antibiotic resistances. Only an integrated vision of these two aspects can provide elements to assess the risk of spread of antibiotic resistances via water bodies and suggest, in this context, solutions for this urgent health issue.

show abstract

Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from surface water

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Bacterial Community Structure following a Sewage Spill into an Aquatic Environment

Origin and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance: The Common Mechanisms of Emergence and Spread in Water Bodies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About