Identification and analysis of CD133+ melanoma stem-like cells conferring resistance to taxol: An insight into the mechanisms of their resistance and response

RP105 Protects Against Apoptosis in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Damage in Rats by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated Signaling Pathways

“…UCP2 is a carrier protein located on the inner mitochondrial membrane [33]. Activation of the TLR4, P38MAPK, and AP-1 signaling pathways results in the localization of Bax to the mitochondria, which increases mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, as identified by detecting increased of release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3 [34]. Our work indicates that increased expression of RP105 attenuates the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the release of cytochrome c into cytosol.…”

CD133 + melanoma subpopulation acquired resistance to caffeic acid phenethyl ester-induced apoptosis is attributed to the elevated expression of ABCB5: Significance for melanoma treatment

“…MACS indirect CD133 MicroBead kit (# 130-050-801; MACS Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA, USA) was used to separate CD133 + from CD133 − cells as described [1]. Briefly, 2 × 10 6 cells in the form of single cell suspension were incubated with 100 μl of FcR blocking reagent followed by the incubation with 50 μl of anti-CD133/1-Biotin-conjugated IgG and 100 μl of the antibiotin micro Beads.…”

“…According to the cancer stem-like cell (CSC) hypothesis, neoplastic clones are maintained by a small fraction of cells with stem cell properties. As has been demonstrated with other tumor types, melanoma progression, resistance to chemo-and radiotherapy, and recurrence are related to the activity of a small fraction of cells termed melanoma stem-like cells (MSCs) [1][2][3]. In advanced stages of melanoma, currently available surgical and non-surgical regimens provide only limited benefits perhaps because they target tumor bulk leaving the MSCs behind [1,4,5].…”

“…Experimental evidence indicated that a small fraction of cells derived from melanoma biopsies or from in vitro established melanoma cell lines play a central role in the potentiation of tumor growth and recurrence [1,7,8]. Besides their ability to differentiate into various cell types [9], MSCs have the ability to form "melanoma spheroids" when grown in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors [10], and exhibit self-renewal activity in vitro [1,11] and tumorigenic potency in vivo [12].…”

“…Besides their ability to differentiate into various cell types [9], MSCs have the ability to form "melanoma spheroids" when grown in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors [10], and exhibit self-renewal activity in vitro [1,11] and tumorigenic potency in vivo [12]. MSCs are also characterized by the expression of stem cell markers including CD20, CD133 [1,9,13], ABCB5 [14], CD166 [1,7], CD146 [15], and Nestin [16]. Also, the elevated expression of Bmi-1 has been reported in MSCs [17].…”