Identification and Analysis of a New Hepadnavirus in White Storks

Pult, Irmgard; Netter, Hans Jürgen; Bruns, Michael; Prassolov, Alex; Sirma, Hüseyin; Hohenberg, Heinz; Chang, Shau-Feng; Frölich, Kai; Krone, Oliver; Kaleta, E. F.; Will, Hans

doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1115

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This is also reflected in the amount of viral antigens circulating in the blood stream. Up to 10 10 virions and 10 13 SVPs can be detected per ml of serum [97] . In vivo infections with DHBV are often used to study the growth kinetics of viral mutants [79] .…”

Section: In Vitro Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, avihepadnaviruses have been detected in various duck species [10] including exotic ducks and geese [10] (DHBV), in snow geese [12] (SGHBV), a Ross' goose (RGHBV, GenBank Acc.No. M95589), white storks [13] (STHBV), demoiselle and grey crowned cranes [14] (CHBV) as well as grey herons [15] (HHBV). Like their mammalian counterparts, avihepadnaviruses have a rather narrow host range.…”

Section: Avian Hepatitis B Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Avian hepatitis B viruses: Molecular and cellular biology, phylogenesis, and host tropism

Funk

Mhamdi²,

Will³

et al. 2007

WJG

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The human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) share several fundamental features. Both viruses have a partially double-stranded DNA genome that is replicated via a RNA intermediate and the coding open reading frames (ORFs) overlap extensively. In addition, the genomic and structural organization, as well as replication and biological characteristics, are very similar in both viruses. Most of the key features of hepadnaviral infection were first discovered in the DHBV model system and subsequently confirmed for HBV. There are, however, several differences between human HBV and DHBV. This review will focus on the molecular and cellular biology, evolution, and host adaptation of the avian hepatitis B viruses with particular emphasis on DHBV as a model system.

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Section: In Vitro Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Avian Hepatitis B Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian hepatitis B viruses: Molecular and cellular biology, phylogenesis, and host tropism

Funk

Mhamdi²,

Will³

et al. 2007

WJG

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“…Persistently infected individuals are at risk for cirrhosis, end stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (2). Most of our understanding of the pathogenesis and replication of HBV has been obtained by the use of related hepadnaviruses and their animal models, including duck HBV (12), woodchuck hepatitis virus (17), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (11), arctic ground squirrel hepatitis virus (20), heron hepatitis virus (16), and stork hepatitis virus (14). Infection of chimpanzees with human HBV is the only primate model for the analysis of HBV infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Infectious Clone of Woolly Monkey Hepatitis B Virus

Lanford

Chavez²,

Barrera

et al. 2003

J Virol

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Members of the Hepadnaviridae family have been isolated from birds, rodents, and primates. A new hepadnavirus isolated from the woolly monkey, a New World primate, is phylogenetically distinct from other primate isolates. An animal model has been established for woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (WMHBV) by using spider monkeys, since woolly monkeys are endangered. In this study, a greater-than-genome length construct was prepared without amplification by using covalently closed circular DNA extracted from the liver of an infected woolly monkey. Transfection of the human liver cell line Huh7 with WMHBV DNA resulted in the production of viral transcripts, DNA replicative intermediates, and secreted virions at levels similar to those obtained with an infectious human HBV clone, demonstrating that the host range restriction of WMHBV is not at the level of genome replication. WMHBV particles from the medium of transfected cultures initiated an infection in a spider monkey similar to that obtained with virions derived from woolly monkey serum. In an attempt to adapt the virus for higher levels of replication in spider monkeys, immunosuppressed and newborn animals were inoculated. Neither procedure produced persistent infections, and the level of viral replication remained several logs lower than that observed in persistently infected woolly monkeys. These data demonstrate the production of an infectious clone for WMHBV and extend the characterization of the spider monkey animal model. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections represent a worldwide health problem. Although acute HBV infection in adults isnormally self-limiting, serious liver disease, including fulminant hepatitis, often develops. In addition, approximately 5 to 10% of the individuals infected as adults and 95% of those infected at birth become chronically infected. Persistently infected individuals are at risk for cirrhosis, end stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (2). Most of our understanding of the pathogenesis and replication of HBV has been obtained by the use of related hepadnaviruses and their animal models, including duck HBV (12), woodchuck hepatitis virus (17), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (11), arctic ground squirrel hepatitis virus (20), heron hepatitis virus (16), and stork hepatitis virus (14). Infection of chimpanzees with human HBV is the only primate model for the analysis of HBV infections. Recently, a number of hepadnaviruses have been isolated from nonhuman primates. Most of the nonhuman primate isolates were from apes and clustered phylogenetically with human HBV isolates. Viruses have been isolated from gibbons (8, 13), chimpanzees (4,5,10,19,21), and orangutans (22). The origins of these viruses remain controversial. Although cross-species transmission from humans cannot be ruled out, chimpanzees from different geographical regions appear to be infected with distinct isolates (4), lending support to the concept that these viruses may have evolved with their hosts. However, the hepadnavirus isolated from woolly monkeys, wo...

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“…Of the remaining avihepadnaviruses shown here, only heron HBV (HHBV) (Sprengel et al 1988) is designated a distinct species (Fauquet et al 2005). Virus isolates from the Ross goose (RGHBV), crane (CHBV) (Prassolov et al 2003), stork (STHBV) (Pult et al 2001), and parakeet (PHBV) (Piasecki et al 2013) remain unassigned.…”

Section: Discovery Of Animal Models Of Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models and the Molecular Biology of Hepadnavirus Infection

Mason

2015

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Australian antigen, the envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV), was discovered in 1967 as a prevalent serum antigen in hepatitis B patients. Early electron microscopy (EM) studies showed that this antigen was present in 22-nm particles in patient sera, which were believed to be incomplete virus. Complete virus, much less abundant than the 22-nm particles, was finally visualized in 1970. HBV was soon found to infect chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbon apes, and, more recently, tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). This restricted host range placed limits on the kinds of studies that might be performed to better understand the biology and molecular biology of HBV and to develop antiviral therapies to treat chronic infections. About 10 years after the discovery of HBV, this problem was bypassed with the discovery of viruses related to HBV in woodchucks, ground squirrels, and ducks. Although unlikely animal models, their use revealed the key steps in hepadnavirus replication and in the host response to infection, including the fact that the viral nuclear episome is the ultimate target for immune clearance of transient infections and antiviral therapy of chronic infections. Studies with these and other animal models have also suggested interesting clues into the link between chronic HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Identification and Analysis of a New Hepadnavirus in White Storks

Cited by 57 publications

References 48 publications

Avian hepatitis B viruses: Molecular and cellular biology, phylogenesis, and host tropism

Avian hepatitis B viruses: Molecular and cellular biology, phylogenesis, and host tropism

An Infectious Clone of Woolly Monkey Hepatitis B Virus

Animal Models and the Molecular Biology of Hepadnavirus Infection

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