Identificação de rotas para implementação de corredores ecológicos entre unidades de conservação

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most fragmented and exploited ecosystems in Brazil. The main impacts of this fragmentation can affect the difficulty of dispersing and locomotion of the biota, the reduction of the genetic flow and the genetic variation and the risk of species extinction. This study aimed to identify, with the support of geotechnologies, possible routes for the implementation of ecological corridors (ECs) that can increase the connectivity among Conservation Units (UCs) in a region of the Atlantic Forest in Northeast Brazil. The study was conducted in the Gurjaú River Hidrographic Basin (GHRB), using as a cartographic basis: a hydrographic and road network, such as UCs, land use and occupation in 2018, and the Digital Topodata Elevation Model of the region under study. Possible routes for the implementation of CEs among five UCs present at GHRB were identified, using the technique of analysis of the minor paths. After data processing, two different routes were executed, with four CEs each. The CEs propose by route 1 add up to an area that reaches 4.60% of the total extension of GHRB, while the CEs propose by route 2, approximately 5.04%. From the results obtained, which concluded that route 1 is the most favorable for the implantation of the CEs, since, the smaller area of implantation and, consequently, less conflict of use and occupation of land, besides approximately 13% of the area in APPs, which facilitates its creation and maintenance.