Identificação de modelos, projeto algorítmico de controladores e análise de desempenho para o sistema de ar de um motor diesel

Abstract

Diesel engine technology has been driven by stringent regulation. To fulfill this demand emission control systems are constantly improving The diesel-powered engines are major pollutant sources of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. All the chemistry of pollutants formation is linked to the combustion, which is directly influenced by concentrations of reagents admitted to the cylinder. The controlled recirculation of exhaust gases to intake chamber is a commonly applied technique to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions of the diesel engines. Engines installed in vehicles are subject to variations in operation due to the vehicle dynamics, such as accelerations or gear shifting, that produce changes in pressures and gases flow, affecting the clean air and recirculated gas mixture proportion admitted to the engine cylinder. The control of the gases therefore plays an important role in pollutant emissions reduction. The goal of this study is the design and analysis of decentralized and multivariable control systems applied to the air management of a diesel engine. To enhance the study representativeness, it is identified a set of dynamic models of the air system of a diesel engine to use in design and of control simulation. The optimal control condition is determined by cost functions reduction. Two different control structure and tuning alternatives are studied and the controller performance and their characteristics are compared. The results indicate that the multivariable proposal (LQR controller with integral action) reduces interferences in the control due to the coupling between variables, it also reduces the settling time of all controlled variables, however the implementation aspects must be evaluated more deeply. The impacts on emissions caused by controller response characteristics and performance are discussed in the work. Reliability and implementation aspects are also discussed.