“…Although identifiability analyses have been extensively used in biomedicine, pharmacology, ecology, and engineering, , their use in photophysics is of recent vintage. − We have reported on the deterministic identifiability of inter- and intramolecular two-state and three-state excited-state processes in the presence and absence of added quencher. ,− For the linear, time-invariant models that we considered, the parameters to be identified are rate constants and spectral parameters related to absorption (the excited-state species concentrations at time zero) and emission (the emission weighting factors). It was found that some excited-state processes are uniquely identifiable, others are only locally identifiable, and still others are unidentifiable without prior knowledge of some of the system parameters; for example, for intramolecular two-state excited-state processes in the presence of added quencher it is possible to determine only bounds on the rate constants. , The methods available for testing deterministic identifiability of linear, time-invariant models are well-established 1,2 and include among others the Laplace transform approach, the normal-mode method, the Markov parameters, and the similarity transformation method …”