Identical Major Gene Loci for Heavy Metal Tolerances that Have Independently Evolved in Different Local Populations and Subspecies of Silene vulgaris

Schat, Henk; Vooijs, Riet; Kuiper, E.

doi:10.2307/2410747

Cited by 109 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…One is based on the observation that populations inhabiting metalliferous outcrops are often separated by large geographic distances; this would limit dispersal and genetic exchange between metallicolous populations, and instead would favour evolution of locally adapted metallicolous populations from nearby non-metalliferous sites (Schat et al, 1996) driven by ecological speciation (Rundle and Nosil, 2005). The other hypothesis proposes a single origin of a genetic adaptation to metalliferous substrates, its spread across outlying metalliferous sites and subsequent differentiation between more recently established metallicolous populations because of genetic drift.…”

Section: Metal Hyperaccumulation In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex

et al. 2016

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Metal hyperaccumulation is an uncommon but highly distinctive adaptation found in certain plants that can grow on metalliferous soils. Here we review what is known about evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants and describe a population-genetic analysis of the Alyssum serpyllifolium (Brassicaceae) species complex that includes populations of nickelhyperaccumulating as well as non-accumulating plants growing on serpentine (S) and non-serpentine (NS) soils, respectively. To test whether the S and NS populations belong to the same or separate closely related species, we analysed genetic variation within and between four S and four NS populations from across the Iberian peninsula. Based on microsatellites, genetic variation was similar in S and NS populations (average H o = 0.48). The populations were significantly differentiated from each other (overall F ST = 0.23), and the degree of differentiation between S and NS populations was similar to that within these two groups. However, high S versus NS differentiation was observed in DNA polymorphism of two genes putatively involved in adaptation to serpentine environments, IREG1 and NRAMP4, whereas no such differentiation was found in a gene (ASIL1) not expected to play a specific role in ecological adaptation in A. serpyllifolium. These results indicate that S and NS populations belong to the same species and that nickel hyperaccumulation in A. serpyllifolium appears to represent a case of adaptation to growth on serpentine soils. Further functional and evolutionary genetic work in this system has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants.

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Section: Metal Hyperaccumulation In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex

et al. 2016

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“…Three-week-old seedlings were transferred to 600 mL polyethylene pots (one plant per pot), filled with modified half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution (Schat et al 1996), supplemented with ZnSO 4 and/or NiSO 4 at the desired concentrations. The solutions were replaced twice a week.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Plant Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated expression of metal transporter genes in three accessions of the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens

et al. 2001

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Heavy metal hyperaccumulation in plants is an intriguing and poorly understood phenomenon. Transmembrane metal transporters are assumed to play a key role in this process. We describe the cloning and isolation of three zinc transporter cDNAs from the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. The ZTP1 gene is highly similar to the Arabidopsis ZAT gene. Of the other two, one is most probably an allele of the recently cloned ZNT1 gene from T. caerulescens (Pence et al; Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 97, 4956-4960, 2000). The second, called ZNT2, is a close homologue of ZNT1. All three zinc transporter genes show increased expression in T. caerulescens compared with the non-hyperaccumulator congener T. arvense, suggesting an important role in heavy metal hyperaccumulation. ZNT1 and ZNT2 are predominantly expressed in roots and ZTP1 is mainly expressed in leaves but also in roots. In T. arvense, ZNT1 and ZNT2 are exclusively expressed under conditions of Zn deficiency. Their expression in T. caerulescens is barely Zn-responsive, suggesting that Zn hyperaccumulation might rely on a decreased Zn-induced transcriptional downregulation of these genes. ZTP1 expression was higher in plants from calamine soil than in plants from serpentine or normal soil. The calamine plants were also the most Zn tolerant, suggesting that high ZTP1 expression might contribute to Zn tolerance.

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“…Smith & Macnair (1998) have shown that in Cu-tolerant Mimulus guttatus the variation in Cu tolerance observed among the tolerant populations was due to a variation in modifier genes and not to the major tolerance gene itself. Schat et al (1996) have shown that in Silene vulgaris Cu and Zn tolerance were controlled by two additive major genes and modifiers ; the most tolerant plants possessed the tolerant genotype for both major genes whereas the least tolerant plants possessed the tolerant genotype for only one. From these results, it can be suggested that all individuals in the constitutively tolerant A. halleri or T. caerulescens species have the major genes for tolerance, but that the populations growing on contaminated sites have evolved other genes or modifiers to increase tolerance.…”

Section: Degree Of Tolerance In Arabidopsis Halleri Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc tolerance and accumulation in metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae)

et al. 2000

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Zinc tolerance was investigated in five populations of Arabidopsis halleri (syn. : Cardaminopsis halleri) raised from seeds collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Tolerance was measured by determining the concentration which inhibited root growth (EC "!! ). A. halleri populations from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were found to be Zn-tolerant compared with the Zn-nontolerant species Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata subsp. petraea. At very high Zn concentrations, populations of A. halleri from uncontaminated sites were slightly less Zn-tolerant than those from contaminated sites. These observations support the hypothesis that in A. halleri, Zn tolerance is largely a constitutive property. One population from an uncontaminated site and one population from a contaminated site were studied for Zn uptake. Zinc content was measured in shoots and roots using a colorimetric test under laboratory conditions. The results showed that whatever their origin, individuals from both populations are Zn accumulators compared with the nonaccumulator species A. thaliana. Moreover, the population from the uncontaminated area accumulated Zn in its shoots and roots more quickly than the population from the contaminated site. These results suggest that, in A. halleri, Zn accumulation to very high concentration is a constitutive property.

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Identical Major Gene Loci for Heavy Metal Tolerances that Have Independently Evolved in Different Local Populations and Subspecies of Silene vulgaris

Cited by 109 publications

References 13 publications

Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex

Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex

Elevated expression of metal transporter genes in three accessions of the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens

Zinc tolerance and accumulation in metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae)

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