We introduce standard colocalizations of modules. In the category of torsion-free Abelian groups, a duality is considered.This paper is close to [14], where we consider idempotent coaugmentation functors in categories of modules and localizations of modules. By dualizing these notions, we obtain idempotent augmentation functors and colocalizations; they are also called cellular covers in literature. Similarly to [14], it is possible and desirable to study general properties of idempotent augmentation functors and colocalizations; we can also study the problem of preserving by them ring or module structures, and so on. Here we only consider some standard colocalizations (see Secs. 1, 2). These standard colocalizations lead to the study of some duality in the category of torsion-free Abelian groups (see Sec. 2). In Sec. 3, we calculate types of the groups A ⊗ B and Hom(B, A), where A and B are torsion-free groups of finite rank. These questions are also inspired by results of Sec. 2.All rings are assumed to be associative and with nonzero identity element; modules are assumed to be unitary and right, unless otherwise stated.
Standard Colocalizations of ModulesLet us have two rings S and R and a ring homomorphism e : S → R. Over any R-module A, we can define the structure of an S-module by the relation as = ae(s) for all a ∈ A and s ∈ S. This S-module is called the pullback module (with respect to e). Similarly, left R-modules are pullback left S-modules. In particular, R is an S-S-bimodule; in addition, e is a bimodule homomorphism. The factor module R/e(S) is denoted by R 0 . All R-modules are assumed to be pullback S-modules.We present several definitions from [14]. An R-module A is called a T(e)-module or a T-module with respect to the homomorphism e if the mapping A ⊗ S R → A ⊗ R R, a ⊗ S r → a ⊗ R r, is an isomorphism. For the fixed homomorphism e, we also write a "T-module" instead of a "T(e)-module." An R-module A is called an E(e)-module or an E-module with respect to the homomorphism e or simply an E-module (for the fixed e) if Hom S (R, A) = Hom R (R, A).If R is a T(e)-module as a right R-module, then the ring R is called a T(e)-ring, or a T-ring with respect to e, or a T-ring. If R is an E(e)-module as a right R-module, then the ring R is called an E(e)-ring, or an E-ring with respect to e, or simply an E-ring. In fact, we defined right T-rings and right E-rings.Left T-rings and left E-rings are similarly defined. The property to be a T-ring is left-right symmetrical.Let A be an R-module. The sum W (A) of all submodules C in A such that C is a T(e)-module is called the T(e)-radical or the T-radical with respect to the homomorphism e. The correspondence between any R-module A and the T(e)-radical of A is an idempotent radical in the category of R-modules. W (A) is the largest R-submodule that is a T(e)-module. Now we begin to consider S-modules. Let A and B be two modules. A homomorphism f : B → A is called a colocalization of the module A if for every homomorphism α : B → A, there exists a unique homomor...