IDA-PBC under sampling for port-controlled hamiltonian systems

Sampled-data energetic management of a Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor system

“…Since the measures of the states are obtained under sampling and the control inputs u 1 and u 2 are implemented through a zero order holder device, a direct sampled-data design has to be set to preserve a high performance level. Motivated by the continuous time IDA-PBC design, recently proposed in [6], and for the last theoretical sampled-data result, presented in [14], the chosen methodology consists in a direct sampled-data IDA-PBC design.…”

“…Nevertheless, since passivity is usually lost under sampling, a direct sampled-data study, permitting the design of digital IDA-PBC in a quite systematic way, has been performed in [14]. The sampled-data design is worked out in such a way to match, at the sampling instants, some key behaviors of the continuous-time design.…”

“…Remark 3.1: The digital controller u δ k also maintains the continuous-time interconnected structure (11) under sampling into δ 2 [14] and in this sense damping assignment and propagation through system's states are ensured.…”

“…Motivated by a recent theoretical result in [14], a digital passivitybased controller is used to the FC/SCs energy management. An analysis concerning sampling effects on the control requirements is also performed.…”

Average passivity for discrete-time and sampled-data linear systems

“…Using this new definition, in [12] it was shown that passivity and Hamiltonian conservation can be preserved by nonlinear Port Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems under sampling. In [18], [19], [13], feedback controllers which stabilize nonlinear systems by damping improvement are inspired by the nonlinear average passivity definition.…”