ID‐CUBE direct analysis in real time high‐resolution mass spectrometry and its capabilities in the identification of phenolic components from the green leaves of Bergenia crassifolia L.

Abstract

The ID-CUBE-Orbitrap MS coupling allowed the rapid accurate mass determination of the phenolic components (and other compounds) in herbal extracts. Higher confidence in component identification could be provided by using additional structural elucidation methods, including tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and this will be the focus of future studies.

Analysis of Silicones Released from Household Items and Baby Articles by Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry

“…The Open Source assembly consists of a card holder frame located beneath a compact hood, and makes use of disposable cardboard sample holders. The sample is desorbed after deposition on a fine metal wire mesh [33][34][35]. External mass calibration in positive-ion DART mode was established on either silicone oil (VWR Silikonöl 47 V 350; VWR International GmbH, Bruchsal, Germany) [31] or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethide (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), an ionic liquid (IL) [36], both employed as solutions at 1 mg mL…”

Analysis of pharmaceutical products and herbal medicines using ambient mass spectrometry

“…For example, CQAs in Erycibe obtusifolia [83], salvianolic acids in Danshen injection [87], and gallic acid and ellagic acid in the extract of Bergenia crassifolia L. leaves [91] were all unambiguously detected by DART-MS. Gallic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Teapill was directly analyzed by DAPCI-MS without sample pretreatment [98].…”

“…These compounds are generally moderate polar and thus can be analyzed by both ESI-and APCI-based ambient ionization techniques. Hyperforin, hypericin, protohypericin, pseudohypericin, and protopseudohypercin in Hypericum perforatum [57,59] were detected by DESI-MS. Protocatechuic aldehyde in Danshen injection [87] and hydroquinone, arbutin, and bergenin in Bergenia crassifolia L. leaves [91] were detected by DART-MS.…”

“…For easily and automated manipulation, the loaded melting point tubes/Dip-it tubes were generally placed on a Dip-it sampler for introduction of samples, and the DART-MS analysis of methanol extract of Radix Aconiti Preparata [84], the boiled water extracts of Chinese star anise and toxic Japanese star anise [85], 70% aqueous ethanol of Morus alba L. [86], Danshen injection [87,88], and a herbal preparation of Sophora flavescens and Heterosmilax japonica Kunth [89] were implemented via this strategy. The liquid-phase medicines could also be loaded by a metal screen [90] or a stainless steel metal grid [91] and introduced by a Transmission module [90] or an ID-CUBE [91] for DART-MS analysis, and geniposide in Re Du Ning injection [90] was quantitatively determined and phenolic components in methanol extract of Bergenia crassifolia L. leaves [91] were analyzed by this strategy.…”

Quantitative surface scanning by Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry

“…Starting with a linear gas flow to the orifice of the mass spectrometer, the first DART commercial product was exclusively coupled with the JEOL time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (AccuTOF‐LC, JMS‐T100LC). DART was hyphenated with gas chromatography (GC) in 2009, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 2010, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) in 2014, and upgraded with further adaptions (e.g., the ID‐Cube in 2011, modifications of open‐bed solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) for desorption in transmission mode in 2012, and in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction in 2014). The potential of this ionization technique was shown on a wide spectrum of substances (e.g., amino acids, psychoactive substances, and explosives) and surfaces (e.g., paper, plant tissue, and gold) .…”