ICU admission of COVID-19 patients: Identification of risk factors

patients possibly acquire life-threatening complications that involve septic shock, coagulation dysfunction, and multiple organ failure [6]. According to previous several previous studies, COVID-19 progression may be aided by an abnormal immune-inflammatory response and cytokine storm [7,8].C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric acute-phase reactant produced by the liver, and its level rises in response to the action of cytokines like

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“…Testosterone, on the other hand, has a negative impact on the immune system. This explains why COVID-19 patients are overwhelmingly male [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do CRP levels predict severity in COVID-19 hospitalized Egyptian patients?

Moneer

Fouad

Allam

et al. 2022

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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“…1 Even though most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are mild cases that can recover spontaneously with appropriate symptomatic treatment, some patients deteriorate rapidly, suffering from hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm, with an increased rate of hospitalization, intensive care admission, and high fatality. 2 Although there are known risk factors associated with severe diseases such as old age, high body mass index, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic chest diseases, and malignancies, 3,4 disease progression can rapidly occur in some patients, even in the absence of obvious risk factors. Thus, it is likely that other factors, such as the heterogeneity of the genetic makeup and the different immune responses of the host, rather than virus alone, may contribute to disease severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms (896A/G and 1196C/T) as an Indicator of COVID-19 Severity in a Convenience Sample of Egyptian Patients

Taha¹,

Shata²,

Baioumy³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background:The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is extremely variable. Thus, it is likely that the heterogeneity in the genetic make-up of the host may contribute to disease severity. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a vital role in the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The susceptibility of humans to severe COVID-19 concerning TLR-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has not been well examined. Objective: The goal of this research was to investigate the association between TLR-4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) SNPs and COVID-19 severity and progression as well as the cytokine storm in Egyptian patients. Methods: We genotyped 300 adult COVID-19 Egyptian patients for TLR-4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) SNPs using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We also measured interleukin (IL)-6 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an indicator of the cytokine storm. Results: The minor 299Gly (G) and 399Ile (T) alleles were associated with a significant (P < 0.001) positive risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 2.02-4.88 and OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.66-4.57), their frequency in the severe group were 71.8% (84/150) and 70.7% (58/150), respectively. We detected significant differences between TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) genotypes with regard to serum levels of IL-6. Levels of IL-6 increased significantly with the presence of the mutant 299Gly (G) and 399Ile (T) alleles to reach the highest levels in the Gly299Gly (GG) and the Ile399Ile (TT) genotypes (170 pg/mL (145-208.25) and 112 pg/mL (24-284.75), respectively). Conclusion:The TLR-4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) minor alleles 299Gly (G) and 399Ile (T) are associated with COVID-19 severity, mortality, and the cytokine storm.

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“…COVID-19 individuals with COPD and diabetes had an increased chance of COVID-19 severity. Further research conducted by Fouad et al revealed that the COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU were primarily elderly, smokers, hypertensive, and diabetic [97].…”

Section: N Clinical Features Of Covid-19 and Its Variants Of Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative overview of SARS‑CoV‑2 and its variants of concern

2022

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ID-19, which evolved from the SARS-CoV wild-type virus. Several novel variations developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, some of which are known as Variants of Concern (VOC). VOCs are classified as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) by WHO [1]. These five SARS-CoV-2 VOCs have a substantial level of pathogenicity and transmissibility. New SARS-CoV-2 variants widely recognized as variations of interest (VOI) have been determined based on their transmissibility, severity of sickness, diagnostic escape, and immunological escape.In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to practically every corner of the globe, killing millions of people. SARS-CoV-2 produced numerous variants, five of which have been identified as variants of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron). We conducted a comparative epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC in this paper. We compared the effects of vari-SUMMARY ous spike (S) protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC on transmissibility, illness severity, hospitalization risk, fatality rate, immunological evasion, and vaccine efficacy in this review. We also looked into the clinical characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC.

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ICU admission of COVID-19 patients: Identification of risk factors

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Do CRP levels predict severity in COVID-19 hospitalized Egyptian patients?

Do CRP levels predict severity in COVID-19 hospitalized Egyptian patients?

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms (896A/G and 1196C/T) as an Indicator of COVID-19 Severity in a Convenience Sample of Egyptian Patients

A comparative overview of SARS‑CoV‑2 and its variants of concern

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