ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Peribunyaviridae

Hughes, Holly R.; Adkins, Scott; Alkhovskiy, Sergey; Beer, Martin; Blair, Carol D.; Calisher, Charles H.; Drebot, Mike; Lambert, Amy J.; Souza, William Marciel de; Marklewitz, Marco; Nunes, Márcio R.T.; Shi, Xia

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001365

Cited by 65 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…As JCV is an obligatory human pathogen, we used BUNV as an encephalitic model virus to infect the pre-treated cultures. BUNV, a prototype for both the orthobunyavirus genus and Peribunyaviridae family, is a tripartite negative sense single-stranded enveloped RNA virus [ 22 ] and can induce severe encephalitis in domestic animals [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-specific IgMs induce antiviral responses in the CNS: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis

Hayden

Semenoff

Schultz

et al. 2020

acta neuropathol commun

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Progressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a potentially fatal encephalitis caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV). PML principally affects people with a compromised immune system, such as patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving treatment with natalizumab. However, intrathecal synthesis of lipid-reactive IgM in MS patients is associated with a markedly lower incidence of natalizumab-associated PML compared to those without this antibody repertoire. Here we demonstrate that a subset of lipid-reactive human and murine IgMs induce a functional anti-viral response that inhibits replication of encephalitic Alpha and Orthobunyaviruses in multi-cellular central nervous system cultures. These lipid-specific IgMs trigger microglia to produce IFN-β in a cGAS-STING-dependent manner, which induces an IFN-α/β-receptor 1-dependent antiviral response in glia and neurons. These data identify lipid-reactive IgM as a mediator of anti-viral activity in the nervous system and provide a rational explanation why intrathecal synthesis of lipid-reactive IgM correlates with a reduced incidence of iatrogenic PML in MS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-specific IgMs induce antiviral responses in the CNS: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis

Hayden

Semenoff

Schultz

et al. 2020

acta neuropathol commun

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“…The genus Orthobunyavirus (family Peribunyaviridae) is the largest genus within the order Bunyavirales, comprising over 170 named arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses divided over 18 serogroups [1,2]. The most widespread orthobunyavirus is Akabane virus (AKAV), a member of the Simbu serogroup, which is endemic to Africa, Australia, and Asia and causes congenital malformations in ruminants [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orthobunyaviruses contain a negative-strand RNA genome that is divided into three segments, named after their size, large (L), medium (M), and small (S) [2]. The L segment encodes the viral polymerase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Genetics System for Shuni Virus, an Emerging Orthobunyavirus with Zoonotic Potential

Oymans

Schreur

Oort

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The genus Orthobunyavirus (family Peribunyaviridae, order Bunyavirales) comprises over 170 named mosquito- and midge-borne viruses, several of which cause severe disease in animals or humans. Their three-segmented genomes enable reassortment with related viruses, which may result in novel viruses with altered host or tissue tropism and virulence. One such reassortant, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), emerged in north-western Europe in 2011. Shuni virus (SHUV) is an orthobunyavirus related to SBV that is associated with neurological disease in horses in southern Africa and recently caused an outbreak manifesting with neurological disease and birth defects among ruminants in Israel. The zoonotic potential of SHUV was recently underscored by its association with neurological disease in humans. We here report a reverse genetics system for SHUV and provide first evidence that the non-structural (NSs) protein of SHUV functions as an antagonist of host innate immune responses. We furthermore report the rescue of a reassortant containing the L and S segments of SBV and the M segment of SHUV. This novel reverse genetics system can now be used to study SHUV virulence and tropism, and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that drive reassortment events.

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“…The causative agent of the observed clinical signs, a novel orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup (family Peribunyaviridae , order Bunyavirales ), was eventually identified in blood samples of acutely diseased cows by next-generation sequencing-based metagenomics [ 1 ]. Based on the origin of the samples, a cattle farm located near the German city of Schmallenberg, the novel virus was named Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and is now the lead species for related viruses [ 2 ]. In keeping with other orthobunyaviruses, the tri-partite RNA genome of SBV encodes for a total of six proteins: the nucleocapsid (N) protein and a small non-structural protein (NSs) are encoded by the S-segment; the glycoproteins Gn and Gc, as well as a non-structural protein (NSm) by the M-segment; and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by the L-segment [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?

Wernike

Beer

2020

Vaccines

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a teratogenic orthobunyavirus that infects predominantly ruminants, emerged in 2011 in Central Europe, spread rapidly throughout the continent, and subsequently established an endemic status with re-circulations to a larger extent every 2 to 3 years. Hence, it represents a constant threat to the continent’s ruminant population when no effective countermeasures are implemented. Here, we discuss potential preventive measures to protect from Schmallenberg disease. Previous experiences with other arboviruses like bluetongue virus have already demonstrated that vaccination of livestock against a vector-transmitted disease can play a major role in reducing or even stopping virus circulation. For SBV, specific inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been developed and marketing authorizations were granted for such preparations. In addition, candidate marker vaccines either as live attenuated, DNA-mediated, subunit or live-vectored preparations have been developed, but none of these DIVA-capable candidate vaccines are currently commercially available. At the moment, the licensed inactivated vaccines are used only to a very limited extent. The high seroprevalence rates induced in years of virus re-occurrence to a larger extent, the wave-like and sometimes hard to predict circulation pattern of SBV, and the expenditures of time and costs for the vaccinations presumably impact on the willingness to vaccinate. However, one should bear in mind that the consequence of seronegative young animals and regular renewed virus circulation might be again more cases of fetal malformation caused by an infection of naïve dams during one of their first gestations. Therefore, an appropriate and cost-effective strategy might be to vaccinate naïve female animals of all affected species before the reproductive age.

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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Peribunyaviridae

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Lipid-specific IgMs induce antiviral responses in the CNS: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis

Lipid-specific IgMs induce antiviral responses in the CNS: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis

Reverse Genetics System for Shuni Virus, an Emerging Orthobunyavirus with Zoonotic Potential

Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?

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