ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Herpesviridae 2021

Gatherer, Derek; Depledge, Daniel P.; Hartley, Carol A.; Szpara, Moriah L.; Vaz, Paola K.; Benkő, Mária; Brandt, Curtis R.; Bryant, Neil; Dastjerdi, Akbar; Doszpoly, Andor; Gompels, Ursula A.; Inoue, Naoki; Jarosinski, Keith W.; Kaul, Rajeev; Lacoste, Vincent; Norberg, Peter; Origgi, Francesco C.; Orton, Richard; Pellett, Philip E.; Schmid, Daniela; Spatz, Stephen J.; Stewart, James; Trimpert, Jakob; Waltzek, Thomas B.; Davison, Andrew J.

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001673

Cited by 105 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…6,25 Herpesviral particles are typically larger (150–200 nm), and virus assembly takes place within both the nucleus and cytoplasm. 11,24,28 Although nonenveloped herpesviral particles can be found within the nucleus, enveloped herpesviral particles are seen in the nuclear envelope and within the cytosol. 24,28 Electron-dense viral tegument proteins and various membrane vesicles are also seen within the cytosol with herpesviral infection, which were absent in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviral infection in 5 red-tailed hawks and a broad-winged hawk

et al. 2022

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Adenoviral infections among raptors are best described in falcons and are characterized most commonly by necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis; only one case has been reported in a hawk. Five red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis) and a broad-winged hawk ( Buteo platypterus) had an adenoviral infection based on history, histopathology, negative-stain electron microscopy, and PCR. All birds had acute onset of illness resulting in death; 3 had evidence of a concurrent bacterial infection. Microscopically, all 6 birds had solitary, pale eosinophilic-to-amphophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies within presumed hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and macrophages in spleen. Five of the 6 birds had similar inclusions within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. All but one bird had severe bone marrow necrosis. There was moderate splenic necrosis (3 of 6) and mild-to-marked hepatic necrosis (4 of 6). Negative-stain electron microscopy demonstrated adenoviral particles in bone marrow (5 of 6), liver (1 of 5), and/or spleen (1 of 5). PCR was positive for adenovirus in bone marrow (3 of 5), liver (1 of 3), spleen (4 of 6), and/or intestinal contents (2 of 3). Viral DNA polymerase gene sequences clustered within the Siadenovirus genus. There was 99% nucleotide identity to one another and 90% nucleotide identity with the closest related adenovirus (Harris hawk, EU715130). Our case series expands on the limited knowledge of adenoviral infections in hawks. The splenic and hepatic necrosis, and particularly the hitherto unreported bone marrow necrosis, suggest that adenoviral infection is clinically relevant and potentially fatal in hawks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviral infection in 5 red-tailed hawks and a broad-winged hawk

et al. 2022

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“…The Herpesviridae family includes numerous species of viruses with a broad range of hosts, ranging from birds to reptiles to mammals, nine of which specifically infect humans. The virions are spherical, enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid, with a size ranging from 150–200 nm in diameter, in which a linear, double-stranded DNA genome is packed, 125–241 kbp in length, comprising 70–170 genes [ 27 ]. One important virus associated with cancers from this family is the Epstein–Barr virus, which infects most of the world’s population and is associated with about 1.5% of cancers worldwide.…”

Section: Renal Cell Carcinoma: Carcinogenesis Mechanisms Of Oncogenic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rolling circle mechanism produces DNA concatemers that are cleaved into genome units, packaged into virion proteins encoded by the late genes. The virions exit the cell by either exocytosis or cell-to-cell spread [ 27 ].…”

Section: Renal Cell Carcinoma: Carcinogenesis Mechanisms Of Oncogenic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Oncogenic Viruses in Renal Carcinogenesis: Pros and Cons

et al. 2022

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Viral infections are major contributors to the global cancer burden. Recent advances have revealed that known oncogenic viruses promote carcinogenesis through shared host cell targets and pathways. The aim of this review is to point out the connection between several oncogenic viruses from the Polyomaviridae, Herpesviridae and Flaviviridae families and renal carcinogenesis, highlighting their involvement in the carcinogenic mechanism. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases, which was carried out for all the published studies on RCC in the last 10 years, using the following search algorithm: renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma, and oncogenic viruses (BKPyV, EBV, HCV, HPV and Kaposi Sarcoma Virus), RCC and biomarkers, immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our analysis included studies that were published in English from the 1st of January 2012 to the 1st of May 2022 and that described and analyzed the assays used for the detection of oncogenic viruses in RCC and urothelial carcinoma. The virus most frequently associated with RCC was BKPyV. This review of the literature will help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of the main type of renal malignancy and whether the viral etiology can be confirmed, at a minimum, as a co-factor. In consequence, these data can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies. A virus-induced tumor could be efficiently prevented by vaccination or treatment with oncolytic viral therapy and/or by targeted therapy.

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“…Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 , the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), is a member of the genus Mardivirus of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily ( 1 ), together with Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 , traditionally referred to as Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), the aetiological agent of Marek's disease (MD), and Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 , or Marek's disease virus serotype 2 (MDV-2). HVT was isolated for the first time in 1968 from healthy turkeys by two different research groups ( 2 , 3 ) and was shown to be apathogenic for chickens, and antigenically related to MDV-1 offering good protection against MD ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, Sensitive, and Species-Specific Detection of Conventional and Recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkeys Vaccines Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled With a Lateral Flow Device Readout

et al. 2022

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Marek's disease, an economically important disease of chickens caused by virulent serotype 1 strains of the Mardivirus Marek's disease virus (MDV-1), is effectively controlled in the field by live attenuated vaccine viruses including herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)—both conventional HVT (strain FC126) and, in recent years, recombinant HVT viruses carrying foreign genes from other avian viruses to protect against both Marek's disease and other avian viral diseases. Testing to monitor and confirm successful vaccination is important, but any such test must differentiate HVT from MDV-1 and MDV-2, as vaccination does not prevent infection with these serotypes. End-point and real-time PCR tests are widely used to detect and differentiate HVT, MDV-1 and MDV-2 but require expensive specialist laboratory equipment and trained operators. Here, we developed and validated two tube-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification tests coupled with detection by lateral flow device readout (LAMP-LFD): an HVT-specific test to detect both conventional and recombinant HVT strains, and a second test using novel LAMP primers to specifically detect the Vaxxitek® recombinant HVT. Specificity was confirmed using DNA extracted from virus-infected cultured cells, and limit of detection was determined using plasmid DNA carrying either the HVT or Vaxxitek® genome. The LAMP-LFD tests accurately detected all HVT vaccines, or Vaxxitek® only, in crude DNA as well as purified DNA extracted from field samples of organs, feathers, or poultry house dust that were confirmed positive for HVT by real-time PCR. These LAMP-LFD tests have potential for specific, rapid, simple, and inexpensive detection of HVT vaccines in the field.

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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Herpesviridae 2021

Cited by 105 publications

References 5 publications

Adenoviral infection in 5 red-tailed hawks and a broad-winged hawk

Adenoviral infection in 5 red-tailed hawks and a broad-winged hawk

The Influence of Oncogenic Viruses in Renal Carcinogenesis: Pros and Cons

Rapid, Sensitive, and Species-Specific Detection of Conventional and Recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkeys Vaccines Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled With a Lateral Flow Device Readout

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