Ictal headache: Headache as first ictal symptom in focal epilepsy

Diagnostic criteria currently proposed for “ictal epileptic headache”: Perspectives on strengths, weaknesses and pitfalls

“…AED administration was not required. There have been reports of painful epileptic seizures giving rise to cephalic pain, with the epileptogenic zone being localized in the contralateral parietal lobe or ipsilateral temporal lobe [14,15]. Ictal cephalic pain cannot share the clinical features of migraine owing to its short duration.…”

Epileptic seizures and headache/migraine: A review of types of association and terminology

“…EEG abnormalities contemporary with pain were of various types (spikes, spike-and-waves, sharp-waves) and location: in 2 cases generalized, in 4 (3 MO, 1 both MO and MA) monolateral occipital, and temporal or frontal or central or parietal in the others. Occasionally, as may occur for seizure of deep origin, a scalp EEG did not show paroxysmal activity during the headache episode, which revealed its epileptic origin only on performing a deepelectrode EEG: Laplante et al 16 (case 2), Isler et al 17 (case 2) and Dainese et al 23 (case 1). As shown in the table, neuroimaging findings and etiologies varied widely, with location of the probable causative focus in different brain areas, although prevalently in the occipital and temporal.…”

“…The main features of 15 published cases affected by ''pure epileptic headache'' [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] are reported in Table 2. In the table, no data are provided for the first patients reported with epileptic headaches, [26][27][28][29] as the full text articles are unavailable.…”

Ictal pain: occurrence, clinical features, and underlying etiologies

“…Epileptic ictal headache has usually been described with focal and rarely with generalized epilepsy syndromes [3][4][5]. Seizure-related headaches have been categorized depending on the time that headache occurs in relation to the epileptic seizure.…”