ICRP Publication 142: Radiological Protection from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industrial Processes

Lecomte, J.-F.; Shaw, Peter; Liland, Astrid; Markkanen, M; Egidi, P.V.; Andresz, Sylvain; Mrdakovic-Popic, J; Liu, F; Lauria, Dejanira da Costa; Okyar, HB; Haridasan, P.P.; Mundigl, S.

doi:10.1177/0146645319874589

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, REE deposits are known as radioactive materials that occur naturally, containing a significant amount of uranium ( 238 U) and thorium ( 232 Th) radionuclides [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Activity concentrations of uranium and thorium in REEs-bearing minerals may reach up to 50,000 Bq/kg and 350,000 Bq/kg, respectively [ 15 , 18 ]. Extraction of REEs from these minerals may expose workers to gamma radiation and dust inhalation, which eventually might have a negative impact on people’s health [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activity concentrations of uranium and thorium in REEs-bearing minerals may reach up to 50,000 Bq/kg and 350,000 Bq/kg, respectively [ 15 , 18 ]. Extraction of REEs from these minerals may expose workers to gamma radiation and dust inhalation, which eventually might have a negative impact on people’s health [ 18 ]. Pneumoconiosis and pulmonary fibrosis are the most common diseases associated with inhaling REE dust [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk

Vesković,

Lučić,

Ristić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), including 14 lanthanoids, scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y), in groundwater around a large coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP). The ICP-MS technique was used to analyze 16 REEs in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells. REE concentrations ranged from 59.9 to 758 ng/L, with an average of 290 ng/L. The most abundant was Sc, followed by La, accounting for 54.2% and 21.4% of the total REE concentration, respectively. Geospatial analysis revealed the REE enrichment at several hotspots near the TPP. The highest REE concentrations were observed near the TPP and ash landfill, decreasing with the distance from the plant and the landfill. REE fractionation ratios and anomalies suggested the Light REE dominance, comprising over 78% of the total REEs. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated similar behavior and sources for most REEs. Health risk assessment found hazard indices (HI) of 1.36 × 10−3 and 1.98 × 10−3 for adults and children, respectively, which are far below the permissible limit (HI = 1). Likewise, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) were all below 1 × 10−6. Nevertheless, ongoing ash disposal and potential accumulation in the environment could elevate the REE exposure over time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk

Vesković,

Lučić,

Ristić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Radiological hazards in industries involving naturally occurring radioactive material are a widespread radioactive problem and thus have attracted the attention of many researchers [1,2]. Uranium and thorium are two of the most enriched natural radioactive elements in Earth's crust and thus represent a high concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Inhaled Effective Doses of Uranium and Thorium for Workers in Bayan Obo Ore and the Surrounding Public, Inner Mongolia, China

Zhang

Shao

Liu

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Uranium and thorium are two common natural radioactive elements with high concentrations in Earth’s crust. The main aim of this study is to estimate the inhaled effective dose of uranium and thorium caused by a typical radioactive rare earth ore to the occupational population and the surrounding public. The particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the atmosphere of four typical workplaces and one surrounding living area were obtained by a high-flow sampling equipment with a natural cellulose filter membrane. The critical parameter for the inhaled effective dose estimation—the activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD)—was determined. The AMAD values of uranium and thorium in the atmosphere PM were 3.36 and 3.64 μm, respectively. The estimated median effective dose caused by inhalation thorium among the occupational population ranged from 15.3 to 269.0 μSv/a, and the corresponding value for the surrounding public was 2.3 μSv/a. All values for the effective dose caused by the inhalation of uranium were in the nSv magnitude.

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“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a statistically significant increase in the risk of lung cancer occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to radon when its concentration is at 100 Bq/m 3 , and increases by 16% per every 100 Bq/m 3 (Wysocka et al, 2019). Workers who continuously work at coal mining sites can have an annual dose exceeding the limit set by ICRP publication 103, with a dose limit value that can be accepted by non-radiation workers who are part of the general public is 1 mSv/year (ICRP, 2007(ICRP, , 2014(ICRP, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Concentration and Radiological Risk in Tanjung Enim’s Coal Mine, South Sumatra Indonesia

Ramadhany

Wijaya²,

Muharini

2022

Preprint

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Environmental radioactivity analysis has been carried out to determine the level of environmental radioactivity and the potential radiological hazards at Tanjung Enim’s coal mine. Gamma spectroscopy method has been carried out to identify radionuclides and their types of activity. The results of radionuclide concentration are used to determine the radiological hazard index and become input data for the Residual Radioactivity Onsite 7.2 application to determine the dose rate and long-term cancer potential received by workers in coal mines. The results obtained for the average concentration of radionuclide activity in coal samples are 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 72.468 Bq/kg, 86.905 Bq/kg, and 1802.049 Bq/kg, respectively. While the soil samples 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively 79.205 Bq/kg, 100.209 Bq/kg, and 1443.275 Bq/kg. The radionuclide concentrations of both samples exceeded the UNSCEAR and worldwide reported averages for coal and soil. The average radiological hazard index for coal samples, namely Raeq, Hin, and Hex, was 335.500 Bq/kg, 1.102, 0.906, respectively. While the soil samples were 333.636 Bq/kg, 1.115, and 0.901, respectively. The index parameter is already lower than the UNSCEAR recommendation except for Hin, so there is a potential radiological hazard in internal pathways such as respiratory and digestive organs for mining workers. The total annual effective dose rate based on 5 RESRAD-Onsite 7.2 pathways, namely external gamma, inhalation, radon, soil ingestion, and drinking water, is 1.675 mSv/year, exceeding the dose limits determined by ICRP, 1 mSv/year. The ELCR is 6.625×10-3 which exceeds the UNSCEAR recommendation, 2.4×10-4. Based on the results, it is necessary to intervene in the mining environment of the Tanjung Enim’s coal mine.

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ICRP Publication 142: Radiological Protection from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industrial Processes

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk

Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk

Estimation of Inhaled Effective Doses of Uranium and Thorium for Workers in Bayan Obo Ore and the Surrounding Public, Inner Mongolia, China

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Concentration and Radiological Risk in Tanjung Enim’s Coal Mine, South Sumatra Indonesia

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