ICRP Publication 128: Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals: a Compendium of Current Information Related to Frequently Used Substances

Abstract

This report provides a compendium of current information relating to radiation dose to patients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dose coefficients for organ and tissue absorbed doses, and effective dose for major radiopharmaceuticals based on the radiation protection guidance given in Publication 60(ICRP, 1991). These data were mainly compiled from Publications 53, 80, and 106(ICRP, 1987, 1998, 2008), and related amendments and corrections. This report also includes new information for 82Rb-chloride, iodide (123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I) and 123I labeled 2ß-carbomethoxy 3ß-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FPCIT).The coefficients tabulated in this publication will be superseded in due course by values calculated using new International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements/International Commission on Radiological Protection adult and paediatric reference phantoms and Publication 103 methodology (ICRP,2007). The data presented in this report are intended for diagnostic nuclear medicine and not for therapeutic applications.

Assessment of Minimum 124I Activity Required in Uptake Measurements Before Radioiodine Therapy for Benign Thyroid Diseases

“…Moreover, recent 124 I RAIU measurement studies indicate that an activity of 1 MBq and a scan time of 600 s generate a visually sufficient image for diagnostics and allow reliable RAIU measurement (2,3). Concerning radiation exposure of 124 I RAIU evaluation with 1 MBq, a thyroid uptake of 25% is associated with an effective whole-body equivalent dose of about 6.5 mSv considering that about 0.3 mSv is contributed by the low-dose CT and the thyroid organ dose is 260 mGy (8,14). In comparison, the effective whole-body equivalent dose resulting from 131 I RAIU evaluation with 3 MBq is about 33 mSv, and the thyroid organ dose is 1,290 mGy (8,14).…”

“…Concerning radiation exposure of 124 I RAIU evaluation with 1 MBq, a thyroid uptake of 25% is associated with an effective whole-body equivalent dose of about 6.5 mSv considering that about 0.3 mSv is contributed by the low-dose CT and the thyroid organ dose is 260 mGy (8,14). In comparison, the effective whole-body equivalent dose resulting from 131 I RAIU evaluation with 3 MBq is about 33 mSv, and the thyroid organ dose is 1,290 mGy (8,14). Therefore, radiation exposure caused by 124 I RAIU measurement is approximately one fifth of that of 131 I RAIU measurement.…”

Current Status of Myocardial Perfusion PET in the United States

“…A typical rest/stress Tc-99m SPECT exposes a patient to about 12 mSv of radiation, compared to about 3 for a rest/stress PET study (13)(14)(15). This is an important consideration for younger patients, and for those with chronic CAD who are likely to receive high radiation burdens during their years of coping with this chronic disease.…”

Tc-99m pyrophosphate imaging for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Importance of estimation of cancer risk with the modality

“…Organ-specific absorbed radiation doses per unit of administered activity were determined using dose coefficients from Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging using a model developed specifically for 99mTc-PYP 11 . The dose coefficients obtained through MIRD were also compared to those listed by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for 99mTc-PYP-labeled phosphates and phosphonates 12 . RadRAT (Radiation risk assessment tool) estimates radiation-attributable cancer risks using data from the Life Span Study cohort 13 .…”