ICF target diagnostics on PBFA II (invited)

Chandler, G. A.; Aubert, J.; Bailey, James E.; Carlson, A. L.; Derzon, Dora K.; Derzon, M. S.; Dukart, R. J.; Humphreys, R. F.; Hunter, J. R.; Johnson, D. J.; Matzen, M. K.; Moats, A. R.; Olson, R. E.; Pantuso, J.; Rockett, Paul D.; Ruiz, C. L.; Sawyer, Patricia Sue.; Torres, J. A.; Hussey, T. W.

doi:10.1063/1.1143574

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The detectors included a spatially integrating timeresolved bolometer, 13 filtered x-ray diodes ͑XRDs͒, 14 and photoconducting detectors ͑PCDs͒ 15 that covered x-ray energies from about 10 to 7000 eV, 10 and two time-resolved x-ray pinhole cameras. One camera, referred to as the smallformat pinhole camera ͑SFPHC͒, 13 was filtered by 25 m Be and was sensitive to photons greater than 1 keV, with 1 nsec temporal, and 150 m spatial resolution.…”

Section: B Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric aluminum-wire arrays generate high-quality Z pinches at large array radii

et al. 1998

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A Saturn-accelerator study of annular, aluminum-wire array, Z-pinch implosions, in the calculated high-wire-number plasma-shell regime ͓Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 5063 ͑1996͔͒, shows that the radiated x-ray pulse width increases from about 4 nsec to about 7 nsec, when the radius of the array is increased from 8.75 to 20 mm at a fixed array mass of 0.6 mg. Eulerian radiationmagnetohydrodynamic code ͑E-RMHC͒ simulations in the r-z plane suggest that this pulse-width increase with radius is due to the faster growth of the shell thickness ͑that arises from a two-stage development in the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability͒ relative to the increase in the shell implosion velocity. Over the array radii explored, the measured peak total x-ray power of ϳ40 TW and energy of ϳ325 kJ show little change outside of a Ϯ15% shot-to-shot fluctuation and are consistent with the E-RMHC simulations. Similarly, the measured peak K-shell ͑lines plus continuum͒ power of ϳ8 TW and energy of ϳ70 kJ show little change with radius. The minimal change in K-shell yield is in agreement with simple K-shell radiation scaling models that assume a fixed radial compression for all initial array radii. These results suggest that the improved uniformity provided by the large number of wires in the initial array reduces the disruptive effects of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability observed in small-wire-number imploding loads.

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Section: B Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric aluminum-wire arrays generate high-quality Z pinches at large array radii

et al. 1998

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“…Chandler [56,66] has described the construction, calibration, and fielding of the Z diagnostic, which is based on earlier designs [67,68]. This x-ray probe comprises an array of five, independently filtered, carbon XRD's.…”

Section: Mathematical Background and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and error analysis of anN×Nunfolding procedure applied to filtered, photoelectric x-ray detector arrays. I. Formulation and testing

Fehl

Chandler

Stygar

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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An algorithm for spectral reconstructions (unfolds) and spectrally integrated flux estimates from data obtained by a five-channel, filtered x-ray-detector array (XRD) is described in detail and characterized. This diagnostic is a broad-channel spectrometer, used primarily to measure time-dependent soft x-ray flux emitted by z-pinch plasmas at the Z pulsed-power accelerator (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA), and serves as both a plasma probe and a gauge of accelerator performance. The unfold method, suitable for online analysis, arises naturally from general assumptions about the x-ray source and spectral properties of the channel responses; a priori constraints control the illposed nature of the inversion. The unfolded spectrum is not assumed to be Planckian. This study is divided into two consecutive papers. This paper considers three major issues: (a) Formulation of the unfold method.-The mathematical background, assumptions, and procedures leading to the algorithm are described: the spectral reconstruction S unfold ðE; tÞ-five histogram x-ray bins j over the x-ray interval, 137 E 2300 eV at each time step t-depends on the shape and overlap of the calibrated channel responses and on the maximum electrical power delivered to the plasma. The x-ray flux F unfold is estimated as R S unfold ðE; tÞdE. (b) Validation with simulations.-Tests of the unfold algorithm with known static and time-varying spectra are described. These spectra included-but were not limited to-Planckian spectra S bb ðE; TÞ (25 T 250 eV), from which noise-free channel data were simulated and unfolded. For Planckian simulations with 125 T 250 eV and typical responses, the binwise unfold values S j and the corresponding binwise averages hS bb i j agreed to $20%, except where S bb ( maxfS bb g. Occasionally, unfold values S j & 0 (artifacts) were encountered. The algorithm recovered * 90% of the x-ray flux over the wider range, 75 T 250 eV. For lower T, the test and unfolded spectra increasingly diverged as larger fractions of S bb ðE; TÞ fell below the detection threshold ($ 137 eV) of the diagnostic. (c) Comparison with other analyses and diagnostics.-The results of the histogram algorithm are compared with other analyses, including a test with data acquired by the DANTE filtered-XRD array at the NOVA laser facility. Overall, the histogram algorithm is found to be most useful for x-ray flux estimates, as opposed to spectral details. The following companion paper [D. L. Fehl et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13, 120403 (2010)] considers (a) uncertainties in S unfold and F unfold induced by both data noise and calibrational errors in the response functions; and (b) generalization of the algorithm to arbitrary spectra. These techniques apply to other diagnostics with analogous channel responses and supported by unfold algorithms of invertible matrix form.

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“…Nagaoka University and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, the University of Wisconsin, Michigan, and the Weizmann Institute, Israel, also participated in the light‐ion fusion research. The study of heavy/light ion beam transport and target physics used to be the main topic previously, and important results were obtained . Based on SESAME EoS models, Figure shows the expected bulk temperature of hydrogen, aluminium, and gold when they are irradiated with uranium ions of 400 MeV/u as a function of the beam intensity.…”

Section: Intense Heavy Ion Beams: the Added Value To Hedpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

Ren

Mäurer

Katrík

et al. 2017

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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We review the development of high‐energy‐density physics (HEDP) driven by intense particle beams, and give an account of the current status and the anticipated developments in the near future. Since progress of this field is strongly coupled to the technical development of high‐current accelerators, we report on the recent results in specific areas of high‐current accelerators relevant to HEDP. These are related to dynamic vacuum problems and the activation of accelerator structural material by high‐current, high‐energy particle beams, and we give an example of dense plasma diagnostics with high‐energy protons. The reported results have been achieved at existing machines at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI‐Darmstadt), the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow (ITEP‐Moscow), and the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP‐Lanzhou), and they are relevant for facilities under construction such as the FAIR facility in Darmstadt and the High Intensity Accelerator Facility (HIAF) proposed in China.

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ICF target diagnostics on PBFA II (invited)

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Symmetric aluminum-wire arrays generate high-quality Z pinches at large array radii

Symmetric aluminum-wire arrays generate high-quality Z pinches at large array radii

Characterization and error analysis of anN×Nunfolding procedure applied to filtered, photoelectric x-ray detector arrays. I. Formulation and testing

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

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