Icelandic ovine Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae are variable bacteria that induce limited immune responses in vitro and in vivo

Einarsdottir, Thorbjorg; Gunnarsson, Eggert; Hjartardottir, Sigridur

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000818

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…High levels of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae genetic diversity, as documented in this study, have also been reported in domestic sheep operations in the United Kingdom 39 , New Zealand 40 , and Iceland 41 . Furthermore, our rarefaction analysis revealed a large difference in the maximum number of strains predicted to be found within domestic versus bighorn sheep herds, and highlights the fact that we are not even close to capturing all the M. ovipneumoniae strain types present within domestic sheep operations in the western U.S.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States

Kamath

Manlove

Cassirer

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Spillover diseases have significant consequences for human and animal health, as well as wildlife conservation. We examined spillover and transmission of the pneumonia-associated bacterium Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep, and mountain goats across the western United States using 594 isolates, collected from 1984 to 2017. Our results indicate high genetic diversity of M. ovipneumoniae strains within domestic sheep, whereas only one or a few strains tend to circulate in most populations of bighorn sheep or mountain goats. These data suggest domestic sheep are a reservoir, while the few spillovers to bighorn sheep and mountain goats can persist for extended periods. Domestic goat strains form a distinct clade from those in domestic sheep, and strains from both clades are found in bighorn sheep. The genetic structure of domestic sheep strains could not be explained by geography, whereas some strains are spatially clustered and shared among proximate bighorn sheep populations, supporting pathogen establishment and spread following spillover. These data suggest that the ability to predict M. ovipneumoniae spillover into wildlife populations may remain a challenge given the high strain diversity in domestic sheep and need for more comprehensive pathogen surveillance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States

Kamath

Manlove

Cassirer

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…There was also limited proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured with M. ovipneumoniae isolates post vaccination. Similarly, no significant differences in the number of PBMCs, as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells, were shown upon in vitro exposure to live M. ovipneumoniae compared to culturing with the heat-killed bacteria [48].…”

Section: Inactivated Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The humoral response to M. ovipneumoniae is not always strongly expressed by the host following vaccination compared to natural infection, although further studies are required to confirm this; this may lead to further difficulties to develop effective vaccines [46][47][48]. Control is also hampered by the continuing lack of diagnostic tools enabling full identification of this fastidious and slow growing mycoplasma [46].…”

Section: Inactivated Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccines for Mycoplasma Diseases of Small Ruminants: A Neglected Area of Research

et al. 2022

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Mycoplasmas cause some of the most economically important diseases of sheep and goats, including diseases listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) such as contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and contagious agalactia (CA). Other important mycoplasma diseases include chronic respiratory and arthritic syndrome (CRAS) and atypical pneumonia, both present on all continents where small ruminants are farmed. Unfortunately, owing to a lack of investment, most commercial vaccines for these diseases are of poor quality, being mostly composed of killed bacteriocins of dubious or unknown efficacy. Several Mediterranean laboratories produce autogenous vaccines, but these can only be used on farms where outbreaks have been officially declared, and consequently have limited impact on disease nationally. Effective live vaccines are available, but their use is often restricted because of safety concerns. With the necessary safeguards in place, we argue for their greater use. This review examines reported vaccines for mycoplasma diseases of small ruminants and attempts to identify new candidate antigens that may enable the development of improved products. Vaccines for CCPP are covered elsewhere.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted May 4, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.03.442471 doi: bioRxiv preprint colonization levels in our experimental lambs following two injections of the recommended gamithromycin dose. It remains to be investigated whether failure of the antibiotic treatment was due to bacterial biofilm formation [40], intracellular location of the mycoplasma [41] or an alternative antimicrobial resistance mechanism. Notably, all lambs developed significant side effects following gamithromycin administration, including increased body temperatures, decreased appetites and altered behavior as well as local inflammation at the injection sites that warranted the application of analgesics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free domestic lambs withMycoplasma ovipneumoniaecauses asymptomatic colonization of the upper airways that is resistant to antibiotic treatment

Johnson¹,

Jones²,

B³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is a respiratory pathogen associated with the development of mild to moderate respiratory disease in domestic lambs and severe pneumonia outbreaks in wild ruminants such as bighorn sheep. However, whether M. ovipneumoniae by itself causes clinical respiratory disease in domestic sheep in the absence of secondary bacterial pathogens is still a matter of debate. The goal of our study was to better understand the role of M. ovipneumoniae as a respiratory pathogen in domestic sheep and to explore potential antibiotic treatment approaches. Therefore, we inoculated four-month-old, specific-pathogen-free lambs with field isolates of M. ovipneumoniae and monitored the lambs for eight weeks for colonization with the bacteria, M. ovipneumoniae-specific antibodies, clinical symptoms, and cellular and molecular correlates of lung inflammation. After eight weeks, lambs were treated with the macrolide antibiotic gamithromycin and observed for an additional four weeks. Stable colonization of the upper respiratory tract with M. ovipneumoniae was established in all four M. ovipneumoniae-inoculated, but in none of the four mock-infected lambs. All M. ovipneumoniae-infected lambs developed a robust antibody response to M. ovipneumoniae within 2 weeks. However, we did not observe significant clinical symptoms or evidence of lung damage or inflammation in any of the infected lambs. Interestingly, treatment with gamithromycin failed to reduce M. ovipneumoniae colonization. These observations indicate that, in the absence of co-factors, M. ovipneumoniae causes asymptomatic colonization of the upper respiratory tract of that is resistant to clearance by the host immune response as well as by gamithromycin treatment in domestic lambs.

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Icelandic ovine Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae are variable bacteria that induce limited immune responses in vitro and in vivo

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States

Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States

Vaccines for Mycoplasma Diseases of Small Ruminants: A Neglected Area of Research

Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free domestic lambs withMycoplasma ovipneumoniaecauses asymptomatic colonization of the upper airways that is resistant to antibiotic treatment

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