Ice-templating, freeze casting: Beyond materials processing

Deville, Sylvain

doi:10.1557/jmr.2013.105

Cited by 285 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The freeze casting process has been greatly researched over the past decade as an attractive method to fabricate bioinspired materials and composites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The process itself is carried out in four steps: (1) a slurry of solid loading (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ceramic particles) and a liquid freezing agent (e.g. water) is prepared, (2) the slurry is directionally frozen in a controlled manner, causing the liquid freezing agent to template the solid loading, (3) the frozen scaffold is freeze dried in order to remove the freezing agent and create a green body, and (4) the green body is sintered in order to form a final, porous scaffold where the ice crystals have been converted into aligned pores [1,3,4,8]. Once these porous scaffolds have been fabricated, they can be infiltrated with polymers or metals in order to create two-phase interpenetrating composites [5,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials

Naleway

Fickas

Maker

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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The processing technique of freeze casting has been intensely researched for its potential to create porous scaffold and infiltrated composite materials for biomedical implants and structural materials. However, in order for this technique to be employed medically or commercially, it must be able to reliably produce materials in great quantities with similar microstructures and properties. Here we investigate the reproducibility of the freeze casting process by independently fabricating three sets of eight ZrO 2 -epoxy composite scaffolds with the same processing conditions but varying solid loading (10, 15 and 20 vol.%). Statistical analyses (One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests) run upon measurements of the microstructural dimensions of these composite scaffold sets show that, while the majority of microstructures are similar, in all cases the composite scaffolds display statistically significant variability. In addition, composite scaffolds where mechanically compressed and statistically analyzed. Similar to the microstructures, almost all of their resultant properties displayed significant variability though most composite scaffolds were similar. These results suggest that additional research to improve control of the freeze casting technique is required before scaffolds and composite scaffolds can reliably be reproduced for commercial or medical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials

Naleway

Fickas

Maker

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…The (002) peak was observed in CMCC at approximately 22.4°, while that in CCNPs was indicated at approximately 23°. These results suggest that the increased crystallinity index affects the rearrangement of crystalline regions into a more crystal to accumulate in the spaces between the ice crystals [22,27]. After freeze-drying, CNs self-assembled into nanoplate-like structures (CNPs) as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Morphologies and Microstructures Of Cmcc Acmcc Ccnps And mentioning

confidence: 95%

Morphologies and surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon nanoplates

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Song³

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

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In this study, cellulose nanoplates (CNPs) were fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals obtained from commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Their pyrolysis behavior and the characteristics of the product carbonaceous materials were investigated. CNPs showed a relatively high char yield when compared with MCC due to sulfate functional groups introduced during the manufacturing process. In addition, pyrolyzed CNPs (CCNPs) showed more effective chemical activation behavior compared with MCC-induced carbonaceous materials. The activated CCNPs exhibited a microporous carbon structure with a high surface area of 1310.6 m 2 /g and numerous oxygen heteroatoms. The results of this study show the effects of morphology and the surface properties of cellulose-based nanomaterials on pyrolysis and the activation process.

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“…[22] By controlling the freezing kinetics and the composition of the suspension, it is possible to tailor the architecture of the material at multiple length scales and replicate some of the microstructural features behind the unique mechanical response of a natural lamellar material like nacre. Various types of microstructures [28] can be obtained depending on the powder, the freezing conditions, the solvent used, or the presence of additives. Several studies have established the relationship between the processing conditions (slurry concentration, freezing rate, and sintering) and the scaffold architectures (size and amount of porosity, wall thickness, interlamellar bridging, and roughness of internal surfaces [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] the physical parameters controlling the microstructure of the growing ice (such as the phase diagram of the solvent, degree of supercooling ahead of the freezing front, and the solid/ water and the ice/solvent interfacial energies) can be used to modify the shape and internal roughness of the lamellae.…”

Section: Freeze Casting For Assembling Different Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

2017

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Nature is very successful in designing strong and tough, lightweight materials. Examples include seashells, bone, teeth, fish scales, wood, bamboo, silk, and many others. A distinctive feature of all these materials is that their properties are far superior to those of their constituent phases. Many of these natural materials are lamellar or layered in nature. With its “brick and mortar” structure, nacre is an example of a layered material that exhibits extraordinary physical properties. Finding inspiration in living organisms to create bioinspired materials is the subject of intensive research. Several processing techniques have been proposed to design materials mimicking natural materials, such as layer‐by‐layer deposition, self‐assembly, electrophoretic deposition, hydrogel casting, doctor blading, and many others. Freeze casting, also known as ice‐templating, is a technique that has received considerable attention in recent years to produce bioinspired bulk materials. Here, recent advances in the freeze‐casting technique are reviewed for fabricating lamellar scaffolds by assembling different dimensional building blocks, including nanoparticles, polymer chains, nanofibers, and nanosheets. These lamellar scaffolds are often infiltrated by a second phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix. The unique architecture of the resultant bioinspired structural materials displays excellent mechanical properties. The challenges of the current research in using the freeze‐casting technique to create materials large enough to be useful are also discussed, and the technique's promise for fabricating high‐performance nacre‐inspired structural materials in the future is reviewed.

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Ice-templating, freeze casting: Beyond materials processing

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 285 publications

References 148 publications

Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials

Reproducibility of ZrO2-based freeze casting for biomaterials

Morphologies and surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon nanoplates

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

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