Ice-ocean environmental buoy program : archived data processing and graphical results from April 1992 through November 1998

Krishfield, Richard A.; Honjo, Susumu; Takizawa, Takeo; Hatakeyama, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1575/1912/88

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Samples collected in mercuric chloride‐poisoned cups, each representing a 16.81 day sampling period were freeze‐dried and fumigated with concentrated HCl to remove inorganic carbon, and further processed following standard techniques for carbon isotope measurements in the National Ocean Sciences AMS facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [ McNichol et al , 1994]. Settling particles intercepted at 120m depth by a time‐series sediment trap tethered to the overlying sea‐ice during the SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean) project in 1997/8 [ Krishfield et al , 1999] were also analyzed for carbon isotope ratios. Although these samples were poisoned with formalin, robust 14 C data can be obtained after rinsing with Milli‐Q water and freeze‐drying (S. Wakeham, personal communication, 2006; J. Hwang, unpublished data, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral organic carbon supply to the deep Canada Basin

Hwang

Eglinton

Krishfield

et al. 2008

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the processes driving the carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean is important for assessing the impacts of the predicted rapid and amplified climate change in this region. We analyzed settling particle samples intercepted by a time‐series sediment trap deployed in the abyssal Canada Basin (at 3067 m) in order to examine carbon export to the deep Arctic Ocean. Strikingly old radiocarbon ages (apparent mean 14C age = ∼1900 years) of the organic carbon, abundant lithogenic material (∼80%), and mass flux variations temporally decoupled from the cycle of primary productivity in overlying surface waters together suggest that, unlike other ocean basins, the majority of the particulate organic carbon entering the deep Canada Basin is supplied from the surrounding margins.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral organic carbon supply to the deep Canada Basin

Hwang

Eglinton

Krishfield

et al. 2008

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The IOEB system consists of a surface flotation package which supports the meteorological and ice sensors, and houses data loggers, transmitters, antennae, and batteries [ Krishfield et al , 1993; Honjo et al , 1995; Krishfield et al , 1999]. Suspended from the surface float is a 110 m long mooring system that includes precision salinity and temperature recorders, current profiling, and biogeochemical sensors.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability of oceanic heat flux to the Arctic ice pack

Krishfield

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] In order to simulate the large-scale structure and temporal variability of oceanic heat flux (F w ) to the Arctic perennial ice pack, observations of heat in the mixed layer and ice dynamics are compared with parameterizations and climatologies. Long-term drifting platform observations of seawater temperature and salinity (primarily from automated buoys) are used to describe the annual cycle of temperature above freezing (DT f ) in the mixed layer beneath the ice pack, which are modulated by ice-ocean friction velocities (u*) determined from the platform drifts to produce estimates of F w between 1975 and 1998. On average, DT f is not negligible in winter, especially in the Transpolar Drift, which implies a positive F w to the ice pack by means other than solar heating. A parameterization based solely on the solar zenith angle (with a 1 month lag) is found to largely describe the observed DT f (with root mean square error of 0.03°C), despite the lack of an albedo or open water term. A reconstruction of F w from 1979 to 2002 is produced by modulating parameterized DT f with u* on the basis of daily ice drift estimates from a composite satellite and in situ data set. The reconstructed estimates are corrected for regional variations and are compared to independent estimates of F w from ice mass balance measurements, indicating annual F w averages between 3 and 4 W m

show abstract

“…The first IOEB was deployed in the Beaufort Sea from an ice camp at 73°N, 148°W in April 1992 (Figure 2). Because of failure of the CT recorders, hydrographic data were not collected during this deployment (see Krishfield et al [1999] for an explanation). The buoy was recovered and refurbished in April 1996, so that afterward both temperature and salinity were measured at three depths (8, 45, and 76 m).…”

Section: Mixing Events Observed By Ioebsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, data collected by a SALARGOS buoy northeast of Svalbard showed that a storm in October 1988 intensified vertical mixing, enhanced the entrainment of warm and salty Atlantic water into the mixed layer, and resulted in considerable melting of sea ice [ Steele and Morison , 1993]. Yang et al [2001], who analyzed oceanic, atmospheric, and sea ice data collected by a drifting buoy [ Honjo et al , 1995; Krishfield et al , 1999], also reported mixing events in the Beaufort Sea. They attributed the mixing to intensive surface forcing associated with storms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study hydrographic data collected by the Ice‐Ocean‐Environmental Buoy (IOEB) [ Honjo et al , 1995; Krishfield et al , 1999] are examined to identify mixing events reaching the halocline or deeper. We use atmospheric data from IOEBs, as well as from the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP), and the NCEP‐NCAR reanalyses to examine the development of wind and pressure fields during each mixing event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Storm‐driven mixing and potential impact on the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Observations of the ocean, atmosphere, and ice made by Ice-Ocean Environmental Buoys indicate that mixing events reaching the depth of the halocline have occurred in various regions in the Arctic Ocean. Our analysis suggests that these mixing events were mechanically forced by intense storms moving across the buoy sites. In this study, we analyzed these mixing events in the context of storm developments that occurred in the Beaufort Sea and in the general area just north of Fram Strait, two areas with quite different hydrographic structures. The Beaufort Sea is strongly influenced by inflow of Pacific water through Bering Strait, while the area north of Fram Strait is directly affected by the inflow of warm and salty North Atlantic water. Our analyses of the basin-wide evolution of the surface pressure and geostrophic wind fields indicate that the characteristics of the storms could be very different. The buoy-observed mixing occurred only in the spring and winter seasons when the stratification was relatively weak. This indicates the importance of stratification, although the mixing itself was mechanically driven. We also analyze the distribution of storms, both the long-term climatology and the patterns for each year in the past 2 decades. The frequency of storms is also shown to be correlated (but not strongly) to Arctic Oscillation indices. This study indicates that the formation of new ice that leads to brine rejection is unlikely the mechanism that results in the type of mixing that could overturn the halocline. On the other hand, synoptic-scale storms can force mixing deep enough to the halocline and thermocline layer. Despite a very stable stratification associated with the Arctic halocline, the warm subsurface thermocline water is not always insulated from the mixed layer.

show abstract

Ice-ocean environmental buoy program : archived data processing and graphical results from April 1992 through November 1998

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Lateral organic carbon supply to the deep Canada Basin

Lateral organic carbon supply to the deep Canada Basin

Spatial and temporal variability of oceanic heat flux to the Arctic ice pack

Storm‐driven mixing and potential impact on the Arctic Ocean

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About