Ice nuclei emissions from biomass burning

Petters, M. D.; Parsons, Matthew T.; Prenni, A. J.; DeMott, Paul J.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Carrico, Christian M.; Sullivan, A.; McMeeking, G. R.; Levin, Ezra J. T.; Wold, Cyle; Collett, Jeffrey L.; Moosmüller, Hans

doi:10.1029/2008jd011532

Cited by 148 publications

(248 citation statements)

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“…IN/N >0.1 ratios were also less than 0.01 % with IN/N >0.5 ratios of ∼0.03-0.07 % and ∼0.2-2 % for CFDC measurements at −32 • C and −34 • C, respectively. Previous laboratory measurements of immersion/condensation freezing of sagebrush combustion aerosols at −30 • C showed a IN/CN ratio below 0.0025 % for five out of seven samples, with a ratio of 0.25 % for two out of seven samples (Petters et al, 2009b), consistent with the ratios measured herein. Considering plume 0.1-1.0 µm unreacted mineral dust number fractions, measured by the A-ATOFMS, of <0.4 % and activation of ∼6-20 % of mineral dust as ice nuclei (Field et al, 2006;Prenni et al, 2009), an IN/N >0.1 fraction of <0.08 % would be predicted, suggesting that mineral dust cannot be ruled out as the source of IN.…”

Section: Ice Nucleisupporting

confidence: 78%

“…During all plume sampling, the maximum observed IN/CN ratio (0.008 %) was <0.01 %, estimated by Petters et al (2009b) as likely to strongly perturb IN concentrations on a regional scale. IN/N >0.1 ratios were also less than 0.01 % with IN/N >0.5 ratios of ∼0.03-0.07 % and ∼0.2-2 % for CFDC measurements at −32 • C and −34 • C, respectively.…”

Section: Ice Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IN can be produced by biomass combustion events (Hobbs and Locatelli, 1969;Pueschel and Langer, 1973), but the exact source of IN remains unidentified both in the laboratory (Petters et al, 2009b) and in the atmosphere Stith et al, 2011). For RF03 plume sampling during Periods 1-3, average IN number concentrations, measured at a CFDC processing temperature of −32 • C for condensation/immersion freezing nucleation, ranged from ∼22 L −1 to ∼10 L −1 (Table 4).…”

Section: Ice Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass burning aerosols exert a significant, but uncertain, direct radiative forcing of +0.03 [±0.12] W m −2 , which is strongly influenced by aerosol overlying clouds (Forster et al, 2007;Chand et al, 2009). Wildfires also serve as large sources of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) with a wide range of hygroscopicities (Petters et al, 2009a;Carrico et al, 2010) and can also be a source of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) with number concentrations suggested to be of regional importance (Pueschel and Langer, 1973;Petters et al, 2009b;. Biomass burning aerosols have Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Biomass burning represents a major global source of aerosols impacting direct radiative forcing and cloud properties. Thus, the goal of a number of current studies involves developing a better understanding of how the chemical composition and mixing state of biomass burning aerosols evolve during atmospheric aging processes. During the Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layer Clouds (ICE-L) in the fall of 2007, smoke plumes from two small Wyoming Bureau of Land Management prescribed burns were measured by online aerosol instrumentation aboard a C-130 aircraft, providing a detailed chemical characterization of the particles. After ∼2-4 min of aging, submicron smoke particles, produced primarily from sagebrush combustion, consisted predominantly of organics by mass, but were comprised primarily of internal mixtures of organic carbon, elemental carbon, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate. Significantly, the fresh biomass burning particles contained minor mass fractions of nitrate and sulfate, suggesting that hygroscopic material is incorporated very near or at the point of emission. The mass fractions of ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate increased with aging up to ∼81-88 min and resulted in acidic particles. Decreasing black carbon mass concentrations occurred due to Correspondence to: K. A. Prather (kprather@ucsd.edu) dilution of the plume. Increases in the fraction of oxygenated organic carbon and the presence of dicarboxylic acids, in particular, were observed with aging. Cloud condensation nuclei measurements suggested all particles >100 nm were active at 0.5 % water supersaturation in the smoke plumes, confirming the relatively high hygroscopicity of the freshly emitted particles. For immersion/condensation freezing, ice nuclei measurements at −32 • C suggested activation of ∼0.03-0.07 % of the particles with diameters greater than 500 nm.

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Section: Ice Nucleisupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Ice Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ice Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes

et al. 2011

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“…A majority of aerosols in this region originate from biomass burning in the Amazon region (14). The IN potential of these aerosols has been observed in many field experiments (15,(16)(17)(18)(19) example, reported that the reduction in the size of cloud droplets and the delay in the onset of precipitation within smoky warm clouds in the Amazon region allow more aerosols and moisture to reach higher altitudes by means of updrafts. This may also be enhanced by the high terrain of the Andes where the very small SCF values appear.…”

Section: Observed Supercooled Clouds and The Relations With Tempera-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Space observations of cold-cloud phase change

Choi

Lindzen

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

159

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This study examines the vertically resolved cloud measurements from the cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization instrument on Aqua satellite from June 2006 through May 2007 to estimate the extent to which the mixed cloud-phase composition can vary according to the ambient temperature, an important concern for the uncertainty in calculating cloud radiative effects. At −20°C, the global average fraction of supercooled clouds in the total cloud population is found to be about 50% in the data period. Between −10 and −40°C, the fraction is smaller at lower temperatures. However, there are appreciable regional and temporal deviations from the global mean (> AE 20%) at the isotherm. In the analysis with coincident dust aerosol data from the same instrument, it appears that the variation in the supercooled cloud fraction is negatively correlated with the frequencies of dust aerosols at the −20°C isotherm. This result suggests a possibility that dust particles lifted to the cold cloud layer effectively glaciate supercooled clouds. Observations of radiative flux from the clouds and earth's radiant energy system instrument aboard Terra satellite, as well as radiative transfer model simulations, show that the 20% variation in the supercooled cloud fraction is quantitatively important in cloud radiative effects, especially in shortwave, which are 10 − 20 W m −2 for regions of mixed-phase clouds affected by dust. In particular, our results demonstrate that dust, by glaciating supercooled water, can decrease albedo, thus compensating for the increase in albedo due to the dust aerosols themselves. This has important implications for the determination of climate sensitivity.aerosol-cloud interaction | ice nucleation | mixed cloud phase | super cooled water | cloud radiative effect C old clouds that consist of mixed-phase particles, are ubiquitous in the Earth's upper and middle troposphere. Changes in the liquid/ice-phase composition in such clouds may significantly affect the radiative balance of the earth atmosphere system because the cloud radiative properties for both the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) such as cloud optical depth, single-scattering albedo, and emissivity vary according to the phase of cloud particles (1-3). It is therefore of fundamental importance to examine the variation in the cloud-phase composition for accurate calculations of cloud radiative effects.In fact, the cloud-phase composition in mixed-phase clouds is complicatedly affected by several factors other than temperature; e.g., ice nuclei (IN) aerosols. Most of climate models, however, have calculated the cloud-phase composition with limited sophistication, simply as a function of grid-mean temperature (4). For example, it has been typically assumed that clouds are composed entirely of ice and liquid particles below −40°C and above 0°C, respectively, of a mixture of ice and liquid phases between −40 and 0°C. The fraction of supercooled liquid particles within mixed-phase clouds is represented as a linear function of temperatures in genera...

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Spaceborne lidar observations of the ice‐nucleating potential of dust, polluted dust, and smoke aerosols in mixed‐phase clouds

2014

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Previous laboratory studies and in situ measurements have shown that dust particles possess the ability to nucleate ice crystals, and smoke particles to some extent as well. Even with coatings of pollutants such as sulphate and nitrate on the surface of dust particles, it has been shown that polluted dust particles are still able to nucleate ice in the immersion, deposition, condensation, and contact freezing modes, albeit less efficiently than unpolluted dust. The ability of these aerosols to act as ice nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere has important implications for the Earth's radiative budget and hence global climate change. Here we determine the relationship between cloud thermodynamic phase and dust, polluted dust, and smoke aerosols individually by analyzing their vertical profiles over a ∼5 year period obtained by NASA's spaceborne lidar, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization. We found that when comparing the effects of temperature and aerosols, temperature appears to have the dominant influence on supercooled liquid cloud fraction. Nonetheless, we found that aerosols still appear to exert a strong influence on supercooled liquid cloud fraction as suggested by the existence of negative temporal and spatial correlations between supercooled liquid cloud fraction and frequencies of dust aerosols from around the world, at the −10• C, −15• C, and −25 • C isotherms. Although smoke aerosol frequencies were also found to be negatively correlated with supercooled liquid cloud fraction, their correlations are weaker in comparison to those between dust frequencies and supercooled liquid cloud fraction. For the first time, we show this based on observations from space, which lends support to previous studies that dust and potentially smoke aerosols can globally alter supercooled liquid cloud fraction. Our results suggest that the ice-nucleating ability of these aerosols may have an indirect climatic impact that goes beyond the regional scale, by influencing cloud thermodynamic phase globally.

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Ice nuclei emissions from biomass burning

Cited by 148 publications

References 68 publications

Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes

Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes

Space observations of cold-cloud phase change

Spaceborne lidar observations of the ice‐nucleating potential of dust, polluted dust, and smoke aerosols in mixed‐phase clouds

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