Ice-nucleating particles in precipitation  samples from the Texas Panhandle

Vepuri, Hemanth S. K.; Rodriguez, Cheyanne A.; Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios G.; Hume, Dustin; Webb, James; Mayer, Gregory D.; Hiranuma, Naruki

doi:10.5194/acp-21-4503-2021

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…We now describe the derivations of n INP based on Vali (1971) as well as immersion freezing efficiencies. Initially, we computed the C INP (T ) value, which is the nucleus concentration in ultrapure water suspension (L −1 water) at a given temperature.…”

Section: The Ice Nucleation Spectrometer Of the Karlsruhe Institute Of Technology (Insekt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are a small subset of aerosol particles that initiate ice crystal formation in supercooled clouds (Vali, 1968;Pruppacher and Klett, 2010). While their importance, relevance, and perturbations to cloud and precipitation properties have been revealed by numerous past studies (e.g., Kanji et al, 2017, and references therein), the potential climatic impact of INPs and their representation in numerical models remain under debate (Boucher et al, 2013;Storelvmo, 2017;Zelinka et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and field studies of ice-nucleating particles from open-lot livestock facilities in Texas

Hiranuma

Auvermann²,

Belosi

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In this work, an abundance of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) from livestock facilities was studied through laboratory measurements from cloud-simulation chamber experiments and field investigation in the Texas Panhandle. Surface materials from two livestock facilities, one in the Texas Panhandle and another from McGregor, Texas, were selected as dust proxies for laboratory analyses. These two samples possessed different chemical and biological properties. A combination of aerosol interaction and dynamics in the atmosphere (AIDA) measurements and offline ice spectrometry was used to assess the immersion freezing mode ice nucleation ability and efficiency of these proxy samples at temperatures above −29 ∘C. A dynamic filter processing chamber was also used to complement the freezing efficiencies of submicron and supermicron particles collected from the AIDA chamber. For the field survey, periodic ambient particle sampling took place at four commercial livestock facilities from July 2017 to July 2019. INP concentrations of collected particles were measured using an offline freezing test system, and the data were acquired for temperatures between −5 and −25 ∘C. Our AIDA laboratory results showed that the freezing spectra of two livestock dust proxies exhibited higher freezing efficiency than previously studied soil dust samples at temperatures below −25 ∘C. Despite their differences in composition, the freezing efficiencies of both proxy livestock dust samples were comparable to each other. Our dynamic filter processing chamber results showed on average approximately 50 % supermicron size dominance in the INPs of both dust proxies. Thus, our laboratory findings suggest the importance of particle size in immersion freezing for these samples and that the size might be a more important factor for immersion freezing of livestock dust than the composition. From a 3-year field survey, we measured a high concentration of ambient INPs of 1171.6 ± 691.6 L−1 (average ± standard error) at −25 ∘C for aerosol particles collected at the downwind edges of livestock facilities. An obvious seasonal variation in INP concentration, peaking in summer, was observed, with the maximum at the same temperature exceeding 10 000 L−1 on 23 July 2018. The observed high INP concentrations suggest that a livestock facility is a substantial source of INPs. The INP concentration values from our field survey showed a strong correlation with measured particulate matter mass concentration, which supports the importance of size in ice nucleation of particles from livestock facilities.

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Section: The Ice Nucleation Spectrometer Of the Karlsruhe Institute Of Technology (Insekt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and field studies of ice-nucleating particles from open-lot livestock facilities in Texas

Hiranuma

Auvermann²,

Belosi

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two students from West Texas A&M University visited the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) in Japan to learn the operation of CRAFT and replicate the system at West Texas A&M University. Currently, the measurement sensitivities, variables, and detection limits of WT-CRAFT differ from the original CRAFT system as described in Vepuri et al (2021) . Briefly, WT-CRAFT enables a simulation of atmospheric immersion freezing using supercooled droplets in the subzero temperature range.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Science Teaching in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Research: Immersion Freezing Experiments

et al. 2023

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This paper introduces hands-on curricular modules integrated with research in atmospheric ice nucleation, which is an important phenomenon potentially influencing global climate change. The primary goal of this work is to promote meaningful laboratory exercises to enhance the competence of students in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) by applying an appropriate methodology to laboratory ice nucleation measurements. To achieve this goal, three laboratory modules were developed with 18 STEM interns and tested by 28 students in a classroom setting. Students were trained to experimentally simulate atmospheric ice nucleation and cloud droplet freezing. For practical training, this work utilized a simple freezing assay device called the West Texas Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test (WT-CRAFT) system. More specifically, students were provided with hands-on lessons to calibrate WT-CRAFT with deionized water and apply analytical techniques to understand the physicochemical properties of bulk water and droplet freezing. All procedures to implement the developed modules were typewritten during this process, and shareable read-ahead exploration materials were developed and compiled as a curricular product. Additionally, students conducted complementary analyses to identify possible catalysts of heterogeneous freezing in the water. The water analyses included: pH, conductivity, surface tension, and electron microscopy−energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. During the data and image analysis process, students learned how to analyze droplet freezing spectra as a function of temperature, screen and interpret the data, perform uncertainty analyses, and estimate ice nucleation efficiency using computer programs. Based on the formal program assessment of learning outcomes and direct (yet deidentified) student feedback, we broadly achieved our goals to (1) improve their problemsolving skills by combining multidisciplinary science and math skills and (2) disseminate data and results with variability and uncertainty. The developed modules can be applied at any institute to advance undergraduate and graduate curricula in environmental science.

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“…The WT-CRAFT system, a replica of the Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test (CRAFT) system (Tobo, 2016) approximately -25 °C to 0 °C, with a systematic uncertainty in freezing temperature of ±0.5 °C (Vepuri et al, 2021). The background contribution may be substantial for the WT-CRAFT N INP data measured below -25 °C.…”

Section: Wt-craftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Arctic Ice Nucleating Particles Observed in Ny-Ålesund in Autumn 2019

Wilbourn

Cheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) initiate primary ice formation in Arctic mixed-phase clouds, altering cloud radiative properties and modulating precipitation. For atmospheric INPs, the complexity of their spatiotemporal variations, heterogeneous sources and evolution via intricate atmospheric interactions challenge the understanding of their impact on microphysical processes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds and induce an uncertain representation in climate models. In this work, we performed a comprehensive analysis of atmospheric aerosols at the Arctic coastal site in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway) from October to November 2019, including their ice nucleation ability, physicochemical properties and potential sources. Overall, INP concentrations during the observation season were approximately up to three orders of magnitude lower compared to the global average, with several samples showing degradation of INP concentrations after heat treatment, implying the presence of proteinaceous INPs. Particle fluorescence was substantially associated with INP concentrations at warmer ice nucleation temperatures, indicating that in the far-reaching Arctic, aerosols of biogenic origin throughout the snow- and ice-free season may serve as important INP sources. In addition, case studies revealed the links between elevated INP concentrations to heat-lability, fluorescence, high wind speeds originating from the ocean, augmented concentration of coarse-mode particles and abundant organics. Backward trajectory analysis demonstrated a potential connection between high-latitude dust sources and high INP concentrations, while prolonged air mass history over the ice pack was identified for most scant INP cases. The combination of the above analyses demonstrates the abundance, physicochemical properties and potential sources of INPs in the Arctic are highly variable despite its remote location.

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Ice-nucleating particles in precipitation samples from the Texas Panhandle

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Laboratory and field studies of ice-nucleating particles from open-lot livestock facilities in Texas

Laboratory and field studies of ice-nucleating particles from open-lot livestock facilities in Texas

Integrated Science Teaching in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Research: Immersion Freezing Experiments

Physicochemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Arctic Ice Nucleating Particles Observed in Ny-Ålesund in Autumn 2019

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