Ice margin oscillations during deglaciation of the northern Irish Sea Basin

Chiverrell, Richard; Smedley, Rachel; Small, David; Ballantyne, Colin K.; Burke, Matthew J.; Callard, S. Louise; Clark, Chris D.; Duller, G.A.T.; Evans, David J. A.; Fabel, Derek; Landeghem, Katrien Van; Livingstone, Stephen J.; Cofaigh, Colm Ó; Thomas, G. S. P.; Roberts, David H.; Saher, Margot; Scourse, James; Wilson, Peter

doi:10.1002/jqs.3057

Cited by 47 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…27D). An ice divide over the North Channel linked Antrim and the Southern Uplands at this time, which is possibly contemporaneous with the Gosforth/Blackhall Wood Oscillation (Scottish Readvance) into the northern Irish Sea basin Livingstone et al 2012;Chiverrell et al 2018) and the Clogher Head Readvance of Irish ice in NE Ireland (McCabe et al 2007b;J. Clark et al 2012;Merritt et al 2018) (Fig.…”

Section: Southern Argyll and Arranmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…See Table 2 for abbreviations. Stages and estimated ages after Livingstone et al (2012) and Chiverrell et al (2018). Table 2 for abbreviations).…”

Section: Manymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unit Formal name Original name (Hall et al 1995a Table 2 for abbreviations. Stages and ages modified after Finlayson et al (2014) and Chiverrell et al (2018).…”

Section: R/bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raised rock platforms form around the Firth of Clyde (till covered Livingstone et al (2012) and Chiverrell et al (2018).…”

Section: Stage Age Events Palaeo-environments Important Sites and Unimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Pleistocene sediments, landforms and events in Scotland: a review of the terrestrial stratigraphic record

Merritt¹,

Hall

Gordon

et al. 2019

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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Lithostratigraphical studies coupled with the development of new dating methods has led to significant progress in understanding the Late Pleistocene terrestrial record in Scotland. Systematic analysis and re-evaluation of key localities have provided new insights into the complexity of the event stratigraphy in some regions and the timing of Late Pleistocene environmental changes, but few additional critical sites have been described in the past 25 years. The terrestrial stratigraphic record remains important for understanding the timing, sequence and patterns of glaciation and deglaciation during the last glacial/interglacial cycle. Former interpretations of ice-free areas in peripheral areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are inconsistent with current stratigraphic and dating evidence. Significant challenges remain to determine events and patterns of glaciation during the Early and Middle Devensian, particularly in the context of offshore evidence and ice sheet modelling that indicate significant build-up of ice throughout much of the period. The terrestrial evidence broadly supports recent reconstructions of a highly dynamic and climate-sensitive British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS), which apparently reached its greatest thickness in Scotland between 30 and 27 ka, before the global LGM. A thick (relative to topography) integrated ice sheet reaching the shelf edge with a simple ice-divide structure was replaced after the LGM by a much thinner one comprising multiple dispersion centres and a more complex flow structure.

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Section: Southern Argyll and Arranmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…See Table 2 for abbreviations. Stages and estimated ages after Livingstone et al (2012) and Chiverrell et al (2018). Table 2 for abbreviations).…”

Section: Manymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unit Formal name Original name (Hall et al 1995a Table 2 for abbreviations. Stages and ages modified after Finlayson et al (2014) and Chiverrell et al (2018).…”

Section: R/bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raised rock platforms form around the Firth of Clyde (till covered Livingstone et al (2012) and Chiverrell et al (2018).…”

Section: Stage Age Events Palaeo-environments Important Sites and Unimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Late Pleistocene sediments, landforms and events in Scotland: a review of the terrestrial stratigraphic record

Merritt¹,

Hall

Gordon

et al. 2019

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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“…Particular focus has been on understanding the dynamics of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (∼30 -11.7 ka BP) and, as such, it has become one of the best constrained palaeo-ice sheets (Clark et al, 2004(Clark et al, , 2012(Clark et al, , 2018. The extent and dynamics of northern and western sectors of the ice sheet has become well understood through both data and modeling approaches (Bradwell et al, 2007;Boston et al, 2010;Davies et al, 2011;Bradwell and Stoker, 2015;Peters et al, 2016;Smedley et al, 2017;Callard et al, 2018;Chiverrell et al, 2018;Gandy et al, 2018;Scourse et al, 2019). Confluence and interaction of the British-Irish and Scandinavian ice sheets in the North Sea Basin is unclear, and the maximum extent and dynamics of the ice sheet in the North Sea are still poorly constrained (Phillips et al, 2017b), with few studies into the controls of ice sheet advance and retreat (Cotterill et al, 2017a;Phillips et al, 2018;Roberts et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left High and Dry: Deglaciation of Dogger Bank, North Sea, Recorded in Proglacial Lake Evolution

et al. 2019

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Reconstructions of palaeo-ice sheet retreat in response to climate warming using offshore archives can provide vital analogs for future ice-sheet behavior. At the Last Glacial Maximum, Dogger Bank, in the southern North Sea, was covered by the Eurasian Ice Sheet. However, the maximum extent and behavior of the ice sheet in the North Sea basin is poorly constrained. We reveal ice-marginal dynamics and maximum ice extent at Dogger Bank through sedimentological and stratigraphic investigation of glacial and proglacial lake sediments. We use a large, integrated subsurface dataset of shallow seismic reflection and geotechnical data collected during windfarm site investigation. For the first time, an ice stream is identified at Dogger Bank, based on preserved subglacial bedforms, eskers and meltwater channels. During ice-sheet advance, a terminal thrustblock moraine complex formed, whose crest runs approximately north-northeast to south-southwest. Subsequent ice stream shutdown caused stagnation of ice, and rapid retreat of the ice-sheet margin. The moraine complex, and outwash head from an adjacent ice-sheet lobe to the west, dammed a large (approximately 750 km 2) proglacial lake. Subsequent sedimentation infilled the lake with 30 m of glacial outwash sediments. A lobate subaqueous fan formed at the ice-sheet margin, which thins toward the southeast with iceberg scours and ice-rafted debris at the base, and is onlapped by lake sediments calibrated to core as alternating clay and silt laminae, interpreted to be varves. The lake became isolated from the retreating ice-sheet margin, and ice-sheet retreat slowed. Sediment-laden meltwater was supplied to the ice-distal proglacial lake for c. 1500-2000 years. Subsequent ice-sheet retreat off Dogger Bank was more rapid due to the negative subglacial slope. The stepped retreat of rapid downwasting, slow retreat, and a final rapid phase off Dogger Bank occurred after the LGM at around 27 ka and before formation of a ribbon lake, dated previously to 23 ka and approximately 60 m lower in elevation, formed to the north of Dogger Bank. The complicated stratigraphic architecture revealed through these data improves forecasting of ground conditions for turbine footings at Dogger Bank, an important step in the provision of clean, sustainable energy.

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The evolution of the terrestrial‐terminating Irish Sea glacier during the last glaciation

Chiverrell

Thomas

Burke

et al. 2020

J Quaternary Science

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Here we reconstruct the last advance to maximum limits and retreat of the Irish Sea Glacier (ISG), the only land‐terminating ice lobe of the western British Irish Ice Sheet. A series of reverse bedrock slopes rendered proglacial lakes endemic, forming time‐transgressive moraine‐ and bedrock‐dammed basins that evolved with ice marginal retreat. Combining, for the first time on glacial sediments, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) bleaching profiles for cobbles with single grain and small aliquot OSL measurements on sands, has produced a coherent chronology from these heterogeneously bleached samples. This chronology constrains what is globally an early build‐up of ice during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Greenland Stadial (GS) 5, with ice margins reaching south Lancashire by 30 ± 1.2 ka, followed by a 120‐km advance at 28.3 ± 1.4 ka reaching its 26.5 ± 1.1 ka maximum extent during GS‐3. Early retreat during GS‐3 reflects piracy of ice sources shared with the Irish‐Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), starving the ISG. With ISG retreat, an opportunistic readvance of Welsh ice during GS‐2 rode over the ISG moraines occupying the space vacated, with ice margins oscillating within a substantial glacial over‐deepening. Our geomorphological chronosequence shows a glacial system forced by climate but mediated by piracy of ice sources shared with the ISIS, changing flow regimes and fronting environments.

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Ice margin oscillations during deglaciation of the northern Irish Sea Basin

Cited by 47 publications

References 78 publications

Late Pleistocene sediments, landforms and events in Scotland: a review of the terrestrial stratigraphic record

Late Pleistocene sediments, landforms and events in Scotland: a review of the terrestrial stratigraphic record

Left High and Dry: Deglaciation of Dogger Bank, North Sea, Recorded in Proglacial Lake Evolution

The evolution of the terrestrial‐terminating Irish Sea glacier during the last glaciation

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