ICD-9 tobacco use codes are effective identifiers of smoking status

Wiley, Laura K.; Shah, Anushi; Xu, Hua; Bush, William S.

doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001557

Cited by 124 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several studies have reported that CYP2A6*2 and other genotypes associated with poor nicotine metabolizer status correlate with a decrease in cigarettes per day [54]. These results validate a previous study that demonstrated that ICD-9-CM codes can be markers of smoking behavior in EHRs [55].…”

Section: Replicating Associationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Evidence for Extensive Pleiotropy Among Pharmacogenes

et al. 2016

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Section: Replicating Associationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Evidence for Extensive Pleiotropy Among Pharmacogenes

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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“…Previous studies have shown that ICD-9 tobacco use codes (305.1 and V15.82) can be used effectively to identify smoking status (Wiley, Shah, Xu, & Bush, 2013), and any smoking-related ICD-9 code during the blackout period was coded as having smoked at baseline. Similarly, individuals with ICD-9 code 278.0 during the blackout period were coded as being obese at baseline.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Hanson

Horn

Rasmussen

et al. 2016

GERONB

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Objective: Several studies have suggested that cancer is associated with a reduced risk of the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study seeks to improve our understanding of the association between cancer and the development of AD by showing how mortality selection alters this relationship. Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out examining 92,425 individuals (47,873 women and 44,552 men) from the Utah Population Database with and without a history of any primary cancer identified by the Utah Cancer Registry. All individuals were aged 65-79 years and free of dementia in 1992 and followed for upwards of 18 years (1992-2009) for AD ascertainment, which was identified using diagnostic information from Medicare claims data. Results: We replicate previous results suggesting that cancer is associated with reduced risk of subsequent AD under specific statistical model specifications. However, these results should not be interpreted as evidence of an etiological association. We conclude that higher rates of overall mortality among individuals with cancer relative to those without cancer induce the widely reported putative protective association with cancer. Conclusion: Careful consideration of model specification and the profound effects of mortality selection in the older adult population is essential when investigating the relationship between aging-related diseases such as cancer and AD. We show that cancer does not provide protection from AD as previously described in the literature. Social scientists seeking to understand social disparities in disease outcomes among older adults may therefore want to strongly consider the role of mortality selection which, if uncorrected, may generate biased associations.

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“…We included smokers, defined on the basis of an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD‐9‐CM ) diagnosis code of 305.1, which has previously been validated and found to have fair sensitivity but high specificity for active smoking 16. Among these patients, we evaluated those who were admitted with a principal diagnosis of MI ( ICD‐9 410.x) or received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; ICD‐9 36.06, 36.07, or 36.09) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery ( ICD‐9 36.1x).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐Term Safety of Nicotine Replacement in Smokers Hospitalized With Coronary Heart Disease

Pack

Priya

Lagu

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundLittle is known about the safety of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in smokers hospitalized with coronary heart disease.Methods and ResultsWe examined the short‐term safety of NRT use among smokers hospitalized for coronary heart disease in a geographically and structurally diverse sample of US hospitals in the year 2014. We compared smokers who started NRT in the first 2 days of hospitalization with smokers without any exposure to NRT and adjusted for baseline differences through propensity score matching. Outcomes included inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay, and 1‐month readmission. From 270 hospitals, we included 27 459 smokers (mean age, 58 years; 69% men; 56.9% in intensive care unit), of whom 4885 (17.8%) received NRT (97.2% used the nicotine patch, at a median dose of 21 mg/d for 3 days). After propensity matching, covariates were well balanced within each patient group. Among patients with myocardial infarction, compared with patients who did not receive NRT, those who received NRT showed no difference in mortality (2.1% versus 2.3%; P=0.98), mean length of stay (4.4±3.5 versus 4.3±3.3 days; P=0.60), or 1‐month readmission (15.8% versus 14.6%; P=0.31). Results were similar for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery.ConclusionsAmong smokers hospitalized for treatment of coronary heart disease, use of NRT was not associated with any differences in short‐term outcomes. Given the known beneficial effects of NRT in treating nicotine withdrawal, reducing cravings, and promoting smoking cessation after discharge, our findings suggest that NRT is a safe and reasonable treatment option.

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ICD-9 tobacco use codes are effective identifiers of smoking status

Abstract: Researchers should not be deterred by the unavailability of full-text records to determine smoking status if they have ICD-9 code histories.

Cited by 124 publications

References 21 publications

Evidence for Extensive Pleiotropy Among Pharmacogenes

Evidence for Extensive Pleiotropy Among Pharmacogenes

Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Short‐Term Safety of Nicotine Replacement in Smokers Hospitalized With Coronary Heart Disease

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