Icbm: The Introductory Carbon Balance Model for Exploration of Soil Carbon Balances

Andrén, Olof; Kätterer, Thomas

doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1226:iticbm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 310 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Associated improved process-based understanding of SOC dynamics has resulted in multiple models (e.g. Roth C, Century, DNDC and ICBM), which have been applied across a wide range of scales14151617. Nevertheless, recent research1819 as well as international treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol20 and EU Soil Thematic Strategy21, underline the clear need for more accurate spatial and temporal explicit estimates of this pool in order to establish appropriate policy measures to combat climate change, land degradation and soil fertility decline threats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future C loss in mid-latitude mineral soils: climate change exceeds land use mitigation potential in France

Meersmans

Arrouays

Rompaey

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Many studies have highlighted significant interactions between soil C reservoir dynamics and global climate and environmental change. However, in order to estimate the future soil organic carbon sequestration potential and related ecosystem services well, more spatially detailed predictions are needed. The present study made detailed predictions of future spatial evolution (at 250 m resolution) of topsoil SOC driven by climate change and land use change for France up to the year 2100 by taking interactions between climate, land use and soil type into account. We conclude that climate change will have a much bigger influence on future SOC losses in mid-latitude mineral soils than land use change dynamics. Hence, reducing CO2 emissions will be crucial to prevent further loss of carbon from our soils.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future C loss in mid-latitude mineral soils: climate change exceeds land use mitigation potential in France

Meersmans

Arrouays

Rompaey

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The main sources of organic C in subsoils are DOC, plant roots and root exudates, and organic particulates transported from soil surface (Rumpel and Kögel-Knabner, 2011). Organic C is a complex key soil quality index characterized by two major biochemical pools (Andrén and Kätterer, 1997) and several size fractions (Six et al, 2002;Stewart et al, 2008;Tong et al, 2014). Hence, total C should be further split into several C fractions (i.e., light fraction organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon) to determine their respective significance in BD and DC models.…”

Section: Effects Of Sampling Depth and Soil Components On Bd And DCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction of Coarse-Textured Soils: Balance Models across Mineral and Organic Compositions

Jiménez

Parent

et al. 2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Soil bulk density (BD), degree of compactness (DC), maximum bulk density (MBD), and critical water content (CWC) at which MBD is reached are commonly used to characterize soil compaction, and can be predicted from soil texture and organic matter content, omitting other components such as sand sub-classes and soil cementing agents and potential biases such as data redundancy and sub-compositional incoherence. Compositional data analysis is needed to account for interactions among soil components and to avoid biases. The aim of this study was to relate soil compaction indexes to the basic components of coarse-textured soils using unbiased numerical techniques. Soil samples collected in horizons A and B at 49 sites in Quebec, Canada, were analyzed for gravimetric water content, BD, particle-size distribution, MBD, CWC, organic C, total N, Si, Fe, Al, Mn, Mg, and Ca. DC was calculated as the ratio of BD to MBD. The 14 physical-chemical soil properties were expressed as isometric log-ratios balances. We conducted principal component analysis to identify the components most correlated with compaction indexes. We used regression analysis to predict MBD and CWC, and used linear mixed-effects models to predict BD and DC. The regression models accounted for up to 83% of total variation in MBD and CWC, and the linear mixed-effects models explained 58-64% of total variation in BD and DC. BD and DC were found to decrease with clay content, and increase with larger proportion of coarser particles. Organic matter content tended to reduce BD and DC, and showed little effects on MBD. Increasing evenness of sand fractions resulted in a higher MBD value. Relationships between CWC and soil texture, and between CWC and organic C were not significant. Mineral cementing agents were the major contributors to soil compaction indexes. Si, Al, Fe, and Ca oxides increased BD, DC, and CWC, but reduced MBD. The sensitivity of coarse-textured soils to compaction could be predicted to support decisions on soil resilience after ripping and on the need to implement corrective chemical, biological and physical methods such as soil amendments, structure-building crops or textural mixtures to rebalance soil compositions.

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“…For the analysis we used the dynamic soil carbon model ICBM (Andrén and Kätterer, 1997), which has been calibrated for a number of long-term experiments (Kätterer and Andrén, 1999) and parameterised to cover different soil and crop types and climatic conditions for geographical regions (Andrén et al, 2004. The model has also been used for reporting changes in Swedish land use according to the Kyoto protocol .…”

Section: Models Data Scenarios and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Crop Production – Ambitions and Limitations

Kirchmann¹,

Bergström²

2008

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Energy parameters of a Swedish long-term field experiment comparing organic and conventional agricultural systems were evaluated. There is great potential for misinterpretation of system comparisons as a result of choice of data and how energy data are expressed. For example, reported yields based on single crops and not the whole rotation can result in significantly different interpretations. Energy use per unit yield was lower in organic crop and animal production than in the corresponding conventional system, as previously found in other studies. This is due to the exclusion of N fertiliser, the largest energy input in conventional cropping systems. Energy use per unit yield expresses system efficiency, but the term is insufficient to evaluate the energy characteristics of agricultural systems. Calculation of the most important energy component, net energy production per unit area, showed that conventional systems produced far more energy per hectare than organic systems. The energy productivity (output/input ratio), i.e. the energy return on inputs, was at least six in both types of agriculture, revealing the highly positive energy balance of crop production in general. Lower yields in the organic systems, and consequently lower energy production per unit area, mean that more land is required to produce the same amount of energy. This greater land requirement in organic production must be considered in energy balances. When the same area of land is available for organic and conventional crop production, the latter allows for complementary bio-energy production and can produce all the energy required for farming, such as fuels, N fertilisers, etc., in the form of ethanol. In a complete energy balance, options such as combustion, gasification or use as fodder of protein residues from ethanol production must also be taken into account. There is a common belief that the high fossil fuel requirement in N fertiliser production is non-sustainable. This is a misconception, since the use of N fertilisers provides a net energy gain. If N fertilisers were to be completely replaced by biological N 2 fixation, net energy production would be significantly lower. In addition, N fertiliser production can be based on renewable energy sources such as bio-fuels produced by gasification. Conventional crop production is thus energetically fully sustainable. Energy G. Bertilsson (B) Greengard AB,

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Icbm: The Introductory Carbon Balance Model for Exploration of Soil Carbon Balances

Cited by 310 publications

References 17 publications

Future C loss in mid-latitude mineral soils: climate change exceeds land use mitigation potential in France

Future C loss in mid-latitude mineral soils: climate change exceeds land use mitigation potential in France

Compaction of Coarse-Textured Soils: Balance Models across Mineral and Organic Compositions

Organic Crop Production – Ambitions and Limitations

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