Ibuprofen-Loaded Electrospun PCL/PEG Nanofibrous Membranes for Preventing Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion

Abstract

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes are a widely used physical barrier for reducing postoperative adhesion. However, these physical barriers could not prevent adhesion formation completely. Because a high-intensity inflammation occurs in the surgical area, the presence of relevant drugs to control such an inflammation is desperately needed. In this study, we fabricated an electrospun composite ibuprofen-loaded poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membrane (NFM) to prevent abdominal adhesions. This membrane aimed to act as a barrier between the abdominal wall and surrounding tissues, without interrupting mass transfer and normal wound healing. Among various fabricated composite NFMs, PCL/25PEG-6% NFMs showed the lowest fiber diameter (448.8 ± 124.4 nm), the smallest pore size (<2 μm), and moderate ultimate stress and strain. The PCL/25PEG-6% NFMs had the lowest water contact angle (≈75°) and the highest drug profile release (≈80%) within 14 days. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity examination of PCL/25PEG-6% toward fibroblast cells demonstrated a cell viability of ≈82% after 3 days, proving its prolonged antiadhesion ability. In addition, the low number of adherent cells with a rounded shape and low cell proliferation on these NFMs indicated their special antiadhesive effects. Collectively, these results indicated that the PCL/25PEG-6% membrane might be a suitable barrier to prevent abdominal adhesion.

Electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone)/beeswax based super-hydrophobic anti-adhesive nanofibers as physical barriers for impeding fibroblasts invasion

“…As a consequence, there were a greater number of round-shaped fibroblasts (poor proliferation) than spindle-shaped cells, and the cell shapes (as observed by phase contrast microscope ( Figure 8 : row 2) remained unchanged even after 72 h. Similar anti-adhesive ability of PCL based membranes are reported by the literature. 12

Figure 8.Fluorescence and Phase contrast images showing the cell behaviour on pure Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Beeswax (PCL/BW) based membranes.

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“…As a consequence, there were a greater number of round-shaped fibroblasts (poor proliferation) than spindle-shaped cells, and the cell shapes (as observed by phase contrast microscope (Figure 8: row 2) remained unchanged even after 72 h. Similar anti-adhesive ability of PCL based membranes are reported by the literature. 12…”

“…The modified surface offers either anti-adhesion and/or anti-proliferation effect towards fibroblasts. For instance, Kheilnezhad B et al, 12 reported that the adhered cells displayed round shaped cell morphology indicating low proliferation of fibroblasts on PCL/25PEG-6% ibuprofen membranes, hence, this membrane can prevent abdominal adhesions. On the other hand, lubricant surface of PCL/PLGA -10% lecithin (phospholipid) membrane exhibited super-hydrophilicity, along with resistance to cell adhesion (cell viability = 51%) and growth of adhered fibroblasts, thus, showing its anti-adhesion effect.…”

A Review of Advanced Abdominal Wall Hernia Patch Materials

“…[20] Research has demonstrated that 90% of patients experience abdominal adhesion, [46,86] which frequently results in subsequent surgeries, inadequate nutrition, complicated AWH, persistent and intense abdominal discomfort, intestinal blockages, female infertility, and fatality. [18,158,161,177] Abdominal adhesions persist as a vexing issue in clinical surgery [177] and have simulated the creation and fabrication of patches in an effort to tackle this problem. Anti-adhesive patches act as a mesh that shields the cellular signals between the caecum and the peritoneum, including charged proinflammatory cytokines (Figure 13A-iii).…”

A Unification of Nanotopography and Extracellular Matrix in Electrospun Scaffolds for Bioengineered Hepatic Models

“…There is a shift toward tissue engineering (TE) for the development of novel treatments . In the last decade, researchers have focused on fabricating multifaceted TE platforms to structurally and physiologically mimic the extracellular microenvironment which supports cells within native tissue. − Such platforms include hydrogels, 3D printed scaffolds, electrospun fibers, microfluidic systems (organ-on-a-chip), and decellularized/recellularized tissues. − In general, scaffold-based 3D culture systems used for the cultivation of hepatocytes are divided to three groups. One is hydrogel-based scaffolds, using natural-derived biomaterials such as collagen, alginate, gelatin, fibrin, and synthetic polymers such as poly lactic acid (PLA), poly glycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the combination of them .…”