Ibudilast Protects Retinal Bipolar Cells from Excitotoxic Retinal Damage and Activates the mTOR Pathway
Sumaya Hamadmad,
Tyler Heisler-Taylor,
Sandeep Goswami
et al.
Abstract:Ibudilast, an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and phosphodiesterase (PDE), has been recently shown to have neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurologic diseases. We utilize a chick excitotoxic retinal damage model to investigate ibudilast's potential to protect retinal neurons. Using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we find that MIF, putative MIF receptors CD74 and CD44, and several PDEs are upregulated in different retinal cells during damage. Intravitreal ibudilast is w… Show more
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